旅游扶贫中的“外来劳动者-本地贫困人口”知识转移

Knowledge Transfer from Migrant Workers to the Impoverished Local Population in Pro-Poor Tourism

从脱贫攻坚战略需求来看,旅游扶贫应加快面向贫困地区和贫困人口的知识与技术转移,但实践中普遍存在知识转移层次偏低、内容单一且贫困人口受益不充分等问题。文章以广东省多个旅游脱贫成功村落为例,试图通过分析旅游扶贫中的知识转移过程与影响机制,探索如何提升知识转移效率。研究发现:(1)旅游扶贫中的知识转移是发生于"外来劳动者"和"本地贫困人口"之间的跨社会群体知识转移;(2)政府承担主要交易成本,是克服外来劳动者与贫困人口自行协调机制失灵、促使无意识"知识溢出"转变为有意识"知识转移"的前提条件;(3)旅游扶贫知识转移的组织性、计划性和目的性,取决于由政府主导建立的跨群体知识转移"类组织"系统的运行效率;(4)梳理了知识转移技术性过程和社会关系再生产的联系,提出了旅游扶贫知识转移效率形成机制模型。文章探索了扶贫知识转移微观发生机制"理论黑箱",拓宽了知识转移理论的研究范围。

This study explores the phenomenon of transferring knowledge from migrant workers to the impoverished local population in pro-poor tourism.From the perspective of strategic needs in poverty alleviation and rural rejuvenation,pro-poor tourism should speed up the transfer of knowledge and technology from developed to impoverished regions as well as from migrant workers to impoverished local people.However,there are currently flaws in pro-poor tourism knowledge transfer,including insufficient beneficiaries,single knowledge base,and low-level content.Based on the case studies of several poverty-alleviation villages in Guangdong Province,this study provides some references for the implementation of poverty alleviation and rural rejuvenation strategies by analyzing and summarizing the characteristics of pro-poor tourism knowledge transfer and their impact mechanisms.The findings show that:(1)Pro-poor tourism knowledge transfer is a kind of cross-group knowledge transfer that takes place between migrant workers and the impoverished local population.The quantity and quality of migrant workers and the social relationships between the two groups have a significant impact on the knowledge transfer efficiency.(2)The government's altruistic inputs are based on overcoming the failure of self-coordination mechanisms between migrant workers and the impoverished local population and transforming unconscious knowledge spillover into conscious knowledge transfer,which include inspiring migrant worker's teaching willingness and impoverished local population's learning willingness,bearing the transaction cost of cross-group knowledge transferring system,and providing the learning opportunities in practice to impoverished local population.(3)The degree of population organization,planning,and purposiveness between migrant workers and impoverished local people are key to knowledge transfer efficiency.Although the government's dominant knowledge-stimulating system was established using a micro perspective of pair or panel knowledge transfer,a medium perspective of multilevel coordination networks and a macro perspective of targeted poverty-alleviation policies are key to establishing an analogous organization for cross-group knowledge transfer.(4)The analysis of grounded theory teases a connection between the technical process of knowledge transfer and the reproduction of social relationships.Thus,we show the formative mechanism of knowledge transfer efficiency in pro-poor tourism and propose a three-stage model for the mechanism of knowledge transfer efficiency in pro-poor tourism:i.e.,the input,operation,and output stages,which constitute a complete knowledge transfer cycle.This study not only explores the theoretical dead zone of the micro-occurrence mechanism in pro-poor tourism knowledge transfer,but also broadens the research range of knowledge transfer theory.Our contributions are:(1)In terms of knowledge transfer, this study analyzes the conceptual boundary,behavioral characteristics,and influential mechanism of cross-group knowledge transfer processes in pro-poor tourism;thus,it broadens the scope for application of knowledge transfer theory.(2)In terms of pro-poor tourism theory,the theoretical dead zone of micro-occurrence mechanism in pro-poor knowledge transfer was analyzed to provide a proposed cross-group knowledge transfer as a new theoretical basis for explaining targeted poverty alleviation.And (3)in terms of pro-poor tourism practice,this study proposed a viable solution for accelerating the development of impoverished peoples'capabilities through knowledge transfer.