四川省消除血吸虫病进程中传播风险及防治策略

Transmission Risk and Prevention Strategy in Sichuan Province in the Process of Schistosomiasis Elimination

目的掌握四川省血吸虫病的传播风险,为制定和调整全省消除血吸虫病防治策略提供科学依据。方法通过分析四川省血吸虫病防治历史资料、近年血吸虫病疫情资料、血吸虫病流行相关的自然和社会因素等,总结出全省血吸虫病传播的风险因素,并提出相应的防治策略和措施。结果通过调查研究和资料分析,得出四川省主要风险因素:①钉螺面积回升;②流动传染源管理困难,家畜种类多数量大;③免耕法等农业新技术引起稻田钉螺大量孳生;④湿地建设可能造成钉螺扩散;⑤地震和洪涝等自然灾害造成钉螺扩散、人群感染风险。提出消除血吸虫病防治策略建议:①依法防治,保障机制、经费和队伍建设;②开展精准血防,传染源的精准发现和控制,易感危险环境的精准确定和灭螺;③加强血吸虫病监测体系建设;④开展适宜防治技术和新技术的研究和应用。结论四川省血吸虫病防治成效显著,在消除血吸虫病进程中加强传播风险监测和防控,四川省消除血吸虫病的目标一定会实现。

Objective To understand the transmission risk of schistosomiasis in Sichuan province,and provide scientific basis for formulating and adjusting the control strategy of eliminating schistosomiasis in Sichuan province. Methods The historical data,the epidemic situation in recent years as well as the natural and social factors related to the epidemic of schistosomiasis transmission in Sichuan province was analyzed. The corresponding control strategies and measures were put forward. Results Through investigation and data analysis,the main risk factors in Sichuan province were obtained as follows: ①the area of snail rose again, ②difficult management of the mobile infectious sources,large number and species of livestock,③no-tillage and other new agricultural technologies caused a large number of snails breeding in rice fields,④wetland construction may cause the spread of snail,⑤earthquake and flood those natural disasters caused the dispersal of snail and creased the risk of human infection. Suggestions for the prevention and control of schistosomiasis were put forward as follows,①to prevent and control schistosomiasis in accordance with the law, with guarantee system,funds and team construction,② to carry out accurate prevention and control of schistosomiasis,and accurate detect and control on the source of infection,kill snails in accurately dangerous environments,③to strengthen the surveillance system of schistosomiasis,④to carry out research and applicationon appropriate and new technology of control schistosomiasis. Conclusion The prevention and control of schistosomiasis in Sichuan province have achieved remarkable results. In the process of eliminating schistosomiasis,the surveillance and control of transmission risk should be strengthened. The goal of eliminating schistosomiasis will be achieved in Sichuan province.