共同体视角下民族旅游社区生产主体变迁研究——以岜沙苗寨为例

A STUDY ON CHANGES IN PRODUCTION ORGANIZATION IN TOURISM-BASED ETHNIC MINORITY COMMUNITIES: A COMMUNITY PERSPECTIVE

从旅游影响相关研究中存在"整体性"缺失和研究假设缺陷等问题出发,以共同体为研究视角和对象,以岜沙苗寨为案例展开历时性研究,采用定性分析方法,研究发现:首先,共同体的多元化是旅游发展后社区空间生产内在机制所发生的主要改变;其次,旅游发展后传统的社区共同体规则对社区空间生产路径起着保护作用,减弱了旅游对其传统文化的影响。最后:旅游作为导致民族社区变迁的外部原因之一,在逐渐加快其变迁路径的改变,对于在旅游发展的同时如何引导多元共同体规则的统一,从而保障其传统变迁路径的稳定,将是后续研究关注的重点。

The tourism development is rapidly reshaping traditional life style and modes of production in many ethnic minority communities and altering their natural surroundings.Against this research background, researchers have begun to attach importance to addressing problems arising from protecting ethnic minority culture while also advancing the tourism industry.However,the existing results mostly provide insight on the impact of tourism on ethnic minority communities.The majority of them follow a two dimensional tourism-ethnic minority community logic and overlook the global properties of community.Furthermore,most of studies are conducted with a priori hypothesis:new activities are attributed to the impact of tourism but research on the evolvement of development methods with a growing tourism industry is ignored.Despite the extensive research documentation on the impacts of tourism,results are often confusing thanks to the erroneous priori hypothesis prevalent in these studies.Building upon the aforementioned problems,this paper adopts community as a research perspective and object,and carries out a diachronic study with Basha Miao Village as the case study and conducts qualitative analysis.Our research suggests:a)diversification of the community is the major change of production mechanism with a growing tourism industry;b)against the backdrop of developing tourism,traditional ethnic minority community customs and practices have safeguarded the ways of production in the community,cushioning the impact of tourism on its traditional culture.