保安服务业市场化改革及其规范——基于准公共产品的视角

Market-oriented Reform and Its Standardization of Security Service Industry: From the Perspective of Quasi-public Products

根据公共产品理论,保安服务属于准公共产品,对其采取市场—政府合作供给模式是最优选择,因此,我国保安服务业推行市场化改革具有合理性、正当性,其关键在于进一步明晰政府、市场在合作模式中的地位、职责。市场化改革初期,我国保安服务业一直由政府垄断经营,无法自发形成统一开放的保安服务市场,只能由政府发挥主导作用,通过先行制定法律规范培育保安服务市场的方式,推进市场化改革。随着改革的进一步深化,保安服务市场逐渐成熟,政府与市场开始共同发挥作用。但两者职能定位模糊、分工不明确,导致保安服务业市场化改革陷入困局,政府失灵与市场失灵杂糅交错。因此,重新界定政府、市场的功能是我国保安服务业改革的根本出路。政府应将主导地位退还给市场,回应市场需求,优化保安服务业法律制度,加强自身监管能力。

According to the theory of public goods,the adoption of market-government cooperation supply model is the best choice for security services as one kind of quasi-public products.Therefore,it is reasonable and justified to carry out the market-oriented reform in the private security industry in China,and the key is to further clarify the position and responsibility of government and the market in the cooperation.In the early stage of market-oriented reform,since China's private security industry has been monopolized by the government,it was unable to form a unified and open security service market spontaneously.As a result,the government can only play a leading role and promote market-oriented reform by establishing laws and regulations in advance to cultivate the security service market.With the further reform,the security service market has gradually matured and the market returned to its position;the government and the market begin to work together.However,the functions of the government and the market are vague and their boundaries are not clear.As a result,the market-oriented reform of the security industry felled into a dilemma."Government failure"and "market failure have been mixed and co-existed.Therefore,the fundamental way out of the reform of private security industry in China is to redefine the functions of government and market.The government should return the dominant position to the market in response to the market demand,.optimize the legal system of the security service industry,and strengthen its own regulatory capacity.