阿贝原则在角度测量上的拓展应用研究

Research on the extended application of Abbe principle in the angular measurement area

为了减少角度测量误差、提高含精密轴系的精密仪器的测量精度和精密机械的定位精度,回顾了古典阿贝原则及拓展理论,并将其推广到角度测量领域,定义了测角阿贝误差的概念,测角阿贝误差由阿贝角和阿贝臂共同作用产生。以关节类坐标测量机中精密轴系为例,使用光电自准直仪和平面镜对阿贝角进行测量,进而得到测角阿贝误差,实验结果表明测角阿贝误差是测角误差的重要组成部分,占25.5%,修正测角阿贝误差后,测角精度提高了12.8%,在此基础上,当配合使用多面棱体修正测角误差时,测角精度提高了93.2%。

To reduce the angle measurement error and improve measurement accuracy of precise instruments and positioning accuracy of precision machines which contain precision shafting,the Abbe principle and its extension are reviewed and extended to the angle measurement area.The concept of the angle measurement Abbe error is defined in this article.The angle measurement Abbe error is caused by Abbe offset and Abbe angle.The precision shafting in the articulated coordinate measuring machine is utilized as an example. An autocollimator and a plane mirror are used to detect the Abbe angle.Then,the angle measurement Abbe error is calculated. Experimental data show that the angle measurement Abbe error is an important component,which accounts for 25.5% of angle measurement error.The angle measurement accuracy is improved 12.8% by correcting the angle measurement Abbe error.On this basis,the angle measurement accuracy can be improved 93.2% by using the regular optical polygon.