宁夏西吉县党家岔湿地自然保护区鸟类多样性调查及分析

Investigations and analysis of birds diversity in Dangjiacha Wetland Nature Reserve of Xiji county in Ningxia

宁夏西吉县党家岔湿地自然保护区是我国西北黄土高原上独具风格的地震堰塞湖湿地类型自然保护区。2016年3月至2017年5月期间,采用样线法和样点法对该保护区的鸟类多样性进行了调查研究。获悉鸟类有107种,隶属14目35科62属,其中夏候鸟40种(37. 4%),留鸟31种(29. 0%),旅鸟34种(31.7%),冬候鸟2种(1. 9%)。有国家II级重点保护鸟类3目4科6属12种。鸟类区系中古北界种占优势,有79种(73. 8%),东洋界种11种(10. 3%),广布种17种(15. 9%)。运用G-F指数及Shannon-Weiner指数对保护区4个堰塞湖生境鸟类多样性进行了分析,G-F指数大小顺序为党家岔堰(0. 653)>河滩堰(0. 500)>苏堡堰(0. 496)>堡玉堰(0. 286),Shannon-Weiner指数大小顺序为党家岔堰(2. 776)>河滩堰(2. 655)>苏堡堰(2. 489)>堡玉堰(1. 966)。分析影响保护区内鸟类种类数量的多少主要是与湿地生境面积大小。

Dangjiacha wetland nature reserve of Xiji county in Ningxia is a natural reserve that is a seismic barrier lake wetland on the loess plateau of Northwest China. To understand the distribution characteristics of wetland bird diversity in Dangjiacha wetland nature reserve,the birds were surveyed by line transect and sample point methods from March 2016 to May 2017. A total of 107 species were recorded,they are classified as 62 genera,35 families and 14 orders. Among these species,40 species(37. 4%) are summer visitors,31 species(29. 0%)are residents,34 species(31. 7%) are passage migrants,2 species(1. 9%) are winter migrants. 12 species are national second-grade protected birds. Palaeartic realm plays an important role in the avifauna,79 species accounting for 73. 8% belong to Palaeartic realm,17 species accounting for 15. 9% are widely distributed ones,11 species accounting for 10. 3% are oriental realm. The diversity of wetland birds in four different habitats was analyzed. The G-F index order was Dangjiacha barrier lake(0. 653) > Hetan barrier lake(0. 500) > Subu barrier lake(0. 496) > Buyu barrier lake(0. 286). The Shannon-Weiner index order was Dangjiacha barrier lake(2.776) > Hetan barrier lake(2. 655) > Subu barrier lake(2. 489) > Buyu barrier lake(1. 966). The bird population quantity depends on the size of habitat area and the strength of people interference.