干旱胁迫影响作物花粉发育的机制综述

Review on Mechanism of Drought Stress Affecting Pollen Development in Crops

作物生殖发育过程决定着其产量的形成,也对环境因子最为敏感。在生殖期遭遇干旱会影响花粉发育过程,导致作物结实率降低并引起作物减产。因此,探索作物生殖期抗旱机制对确保粮食生产安全尤为重要。研究发现,干旱引起作物花药淀粉积累异常、绒毡层降解提前或延后、花粉囊缺陷以及花粉发育的失败;还导致花器官中糖、激素以及氧化水平等的紊乱和相关基因表达的改变。为了全面解析作物生殖期响应干旱的机制,本研究从形态、生理生化特征和分子水平等方面对干旱影响花粉发育的机制进行了综述。本综述为作物抗旱机理的进一步解析及培育耐旱作物品种提供了理论依据,也为缺水条件下作物高产和稳产等实际问题提供了理论支持。

Reproductive development determines the production in crops, which is sensitive to environmental factors. Drought during reproductive stage will inhibit the pollen development, resulting in low seed setting ratio and decrease in crop yields. Therefore, exploration of the mechanism of crop drought resistance is particularly important for ensuring the safety of grain production. Previous studies have found that drought causes the abnormal accumulation of anther starch in crops, brings forward or delays tapetum degradation, and leads to failure of pollen sacs and failure of pollen development. Furthermore, drought causes the imbalanced homeostasis of sugar, hormones and oxidation level, and the alters expressions of their related genes. In order to comprehensively analyze the mechanism of crop response to drought during reproductive period, the mechanism of drought affecting pollen development was reviewed from the aspects of morphology, physiological and biochemical characteristics and molecular level. This review could provide theoretical reference for future mechanism study of crop drought tolerance and breeding of drought-tolerance crops, and provide some theoretical support to maintain high and stable yield under drought condition as well.