大数据时代个人信息被遗忘权法理辨析——基于欧美隐私自主与言论自由博弈视角

On Judicial Logic of “the Right to Be Forgotten of Personal Information” in the Era of Big Data——From Comparative Perspective of the Game between Privacy Autonomy and Freedom of Speech in EU and USA

个人信息被遗忘权是在欧美隐私自主与言论自由的博弈中产生和发展的。基于文化传统、历史缘由、现实考量等原因,一些欧美国家虽然认识到大数据时代个人信息被遗忘权对于人权保护的重要作用,但各国对个人信息被遗忘权的法理逻辑取向并不相同,欧盟针对大数据时代隐私保护策略明确赋予互联网用户个人信息被遗忘权,而崇尚言论自由的美国并未将个人信息被遗忘权认同为普遍法律权利。大数据时代个人信息被遗忘权法理逻辑的再定位,应当立足于在隐私自主与言论自由博弈的衡平中探寻价值理念上的交集,协调"公益"与"私益"的冲突,坚持"目的和约定优先"原则,规范相关权利的空间布局。

In EU and USA,"the right to be forgotten of personal information"has emerged from and developed in the game and balance between privacy autonomy and freedom of speech.Due to cultural tradition,history and reality,in the era of big data,EU and USA have realized the importance of"the right to be forgotten of personal information"to protect human rights.However,judicial logic of"the right to be forgotten of personal information"is different between EU and USA.EU,in accordance with privacy protection strategy in era of big data,explicitly grants the internet users"the right to be forgotten";however,USA,advocating freedom of speech,does not recognize"the right to be forgotten"as a general legal right.In the era of big data,in order to rationally relocate the judicial logic of"the right to be forgotten of personal information",we must explore the value and idea intersection in the game and balance between privacy autonomy and freedom of speech,handle the conflicts between"public interests"and"private interests",adhere to the principle of"priority of purpose and promise"and regulate the spatial arrangement of related rights.