悖论与消解:论汉晋士族生命意识之转向

On the Turn of Life Consciousness of Scholars in Han and Jin Dynasties

从辩证哲学上说,人是二元悖论的存在,人的意识也是二元悖论的存在。本体生命的生与死、价值人生的取与舍、自然人性的得与失,既是生命的悖论存在,也是意识的悖论存在。焦灼与平和、执着与超然、桎梏与自由的二元对立,是汉晋士族生命存在的双重悖论的表征;始终摇摆于生命存在的二元悖论之间,是汉晋士族生命意识的双重悖论的表征;试图消解生命存在的二元悖论,使生命呈现和谐的状态,是以王羲之为代表的东晋士族渴望建构的自由审美的人生境界。然而,这种境界以消解价值人生为前提,以超越现实为基点,以退归心灵为归趣,在诗意化的消解过程中,也逐步走向丧失了社会责任的冰点人生境界。因此,诗意斑斓的背后,浸透着一份不得已的生命苍凉。深入研究生命的二元悖论关系,既可勾勒汉晋士族生命意识发展的基本曲线,也可昭示人类生命所面临的深层次的精神困境。

From the perspective of dialectical philosophy, human beings are the existence of dualistic paradox, and so is man’s consciousness. The living and death of life, the acceptance and rejection of life value,the gain and loss of humanity are not only the paradox of life, but also the paradox of consciousness.The dual opposition between anxiety and peace, persistence and detachment, shackles and freedom are the representation of the dual paradox of the life existence of the scholars in the Han and Jin Dynasties;the dual paradox of the life consciousness of the scholars in the Han and Jin Dynasties are always wavering between the double paradoxes of the existence of life;the dual paradox of the existence of life is attempted to dispel and make life present a harmonious state,and construct a free aesthetic realm of life is the desire of the scholars in the Eastern Jin Dynasty represented by Wang Xizhi. A thorough study of the dualistic paradox of life can not only outline the basic curve of the development of the life consciousness of the scholars in the Han and Jin Dynasties, but also reveal the deep spiritual contradictions facing human life.