2012—2016年深圳市某街道疑似职业性噪声聋工人的发病年龄和工龄分析

Analysis on onset age and working length of suspected occupational noise-induced deafness of noiseexposed workers in a street of Shenzhen City from 2012-2016

目的了解2012—2016年深圳市某街道疑似职业性噪声聋(ONID)的发病情况,为制定ONID的预防控制对策提供参考依据。方法采用判断抽样的方法,以2012—2016年深圳市某街道的38 770名噪声作业工人和125例疑似ONID为调查对象,收集其职业健康检查资料,分析疑似ONID发病情况。结果 2012—2016年检出疑似ONID 125例,检出率为0.32%,发病年龄中位数(M)为38.0岁,发病工龄M为5.4年。疑似ONID的检出率随着工人年龄和工龄的增长而升高(均P<0.01);男性工人的检出率为0.37%,高于女性工人的0.19%(P<0.01);外资企业工人的检出率为0.38%,高于内资企业的0.21%(P<0.01);金属制造业的检出率最高为0.54%。小型企业工人的疑似ONID发病年龄M为41.0岁,高于大型企业(P<0.05);不同行业工人的发病年龄比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论 2012—2016年深圳市某街道疑似ONID的发病受性别、年龄、工龄、企业经济类型和行业因素影响;应重视对男性、年龄较大及工龄较长噪声作业工人的职业健康检查,预防ONID的发生。

[Objective]To understand the incidence of suspected occupational n oise-induced deafness( ONID)in a street of Shenzhen City from 2012-2016,provide reference for formulating prevention and control countermeasures of ONID.[Methods]A judgment sampling method was adopted to select 38 770 noise-exposed workers and 125 suspected ONID as the study subjects in a street of Shenzhen City from 2012-2016,the data of workers’ occupational medical examination was collected,and the incidence of ONID were analyzed.[Results]125 cases of suspected ONID were detected from 2012-2016,and the detection rate was 0.32%.The median age(M)of onset was 38.0 years old,and the median working length(M)of onset was 5.4 years.The detection rate of suspected ONID increased with age and working length(both P<0.01).The detection rate of male workers(0.37%)was higher than that of female workers(0.19%)(P<0.01).The detection rate of foreign funded enterprises(0.38%)was higher than that of domestic enterprises( 0.21 %)( P < 0.01).The detection rate of metal manufacturing industries was the highest(0.54%).The median age(M)of suspected ONID onset in small enterprises was 41.0 years old,which was higher than that in large enterp rises( P < 0.05).The difference in age of onset was statistically significant among different industries(P <0.01).[Conclusion]The incidence of suspected ONID in a street of Shenzhen City from 2012-2016 is influenced by gender,age,working length,type of enterprise economy and industry factors.It is necessary to pay attention to the occupational medical examination for men,older workers,and the workers with longer working length to prevent the occurrence of ONID.