航空花键振动磨损预测与实验

Prediction and experiment of vibration wear of aviation spline

基于Archard经典磨损理论,推导振动条件下航空花键的键齿之间的相对运动位移,考虑实验花键模拟工况循环和振动位移,对实验花键的磨损进行了预测,并搭建了航空花键磨损实验台,开展磨损实验测试。理论预测表明:磨损量随着磨损系数、传递扭矩的增加而线性增加,随着齿数、硬度增加而线性减小,而随着振动量的增大而非线性增大。实验与仿真结果定性一致,在磨损初期存在一定波动,磨损后期存在一定的偏差,这是由于花键制造和安装偏差、理论模型简化以及难以考虑的花键复杂工况等所致。振动对花键磨损具有决定性影响,因此应合理控制内、外花键所在转子的振幅、提高花键转子设计动平衡等级可以有效延缓花键磨损。

The relative motion displacement between the teeth of aviation spline under vibration condition was deduced based on the Archard wear theory.The wear of experimental spline was predicted with consideration of the cycle of working conditions and the vibration displacement,and the aviation spline wear experiment rig was set up.Theoretical prediction indicated that wearing capacity linearly increased with the wear coefficient and transmitted torque,decreased with the tooth number and hardness,and nonlinearly increased with the vibration.The experimental results were in good agreement with the simulation results,but the results had a certain fluctuation at the wear initial stage and a certain deviation at the wear later stage,owing to the deviation of spline manufacturing and installation,simplification of theoretical model and the complex working conditions of spline.Vibration has a decisive influence on spline wear,so it is necessary to control the rotor amplitude of internal and external spline and improve the dynamic balance level of spline rotor design,which caneffectively reduce spline wear.