财政政策工具与中国科技企业孵化器效率

Fiscal Policy Tools and Efficiency of China's Science and Technology Incubators

基于2015至2017年中国科技企业孵化器数据,使用部分共享投入的二阶段网络DEA模型,测算中国科技企业孵化器整体效率、创新研发效率和成果转化效率,通过倾向得分匹配法分析股权投资、财政补贴和税收优惠对孵化器各阶段效率的影响,同时讨论区域间的差异性。研究结果表明:孵化器获得政策支持与知识创造、资金支持、平台规模正相关,与经营水平负相关;股权投资和财政补贴对孵化器整体效率起到显著抑制作用,三类政策对孵化器创新研发效率均起到显著抑制作用,税收优惠对孵化器成果转化效率起到显著激励作用;股权投资在东北地区创新研发阶段表现为正效应,财政补贴在东北地区整体和创新研发阶段表现为正效应;税收优惠在东部地区成果转化阶段以及西部地区整体和创新研发阶段表现为正效应,在东部地区整体和创新研发阶段以及西部地区成果转化阶段表现为负效应。

Based on the two-process network DEA model with partial shared inputs,this paper calculates the overall efficiency,research efficiency and commercialization efficiency of China's science and technology incubators from 2015 to 2017.By means of Propensity Score Matching,the effects of equity investment,fiscal subsidies and tax incentives on the efficiency of the incubators at each stage were analyzed,and the differences among regions were discussed.The study found that:The factors such as knowledge creation,capital support and platform scale were positively associated with getting policy support,while the management level was negatively associated with getting policy support;Equity investment and financial subsidies had significant inhibitory effects on overall efficiency of incubators,all fiscal policies had significant inhibitory effects on research efficiency of incubators,and tax incentives had significant incentive effects on commercialization efficiency of incubators;Equity investment showed positive effect on the research efficiency in northeast China,while fiscal subsidy showed positive effect on the overall efficiency and research efficiency in northeast China;The effect of tax incentives was positive on the commercialization efficiency in eastern China,as well as on the overall efficiency and research efficiency in western China.At the same time,tax incentives had negative effects on the overall efficiency and research efficiency in eastern China,as well as on the commercialization efficiency in western region.