2001年中国石油进出口状况分析

An Analysis of China's Oil Imports and Exports in 2001

2001年中国石油净进口量从上年的6960万吨减少到6490万吨,下降了6.7％。原油进口量随国内炼油厂加工量一同下降。来自中东的高硫原油进口量猛增,占进口总量的比例由上年的26％增长到39％。伊朗取代阿曼成为中国进口原油的最大供应国。随着国际油价下跌,进口原油成本降低。燃料油进口量大增促使成品油进口量增长19％。汽油出口量创下了577万吨的历史最高记录,并使成品油出口上升了12％。液化石油气进口量在2000年出现10年来首次下降后,2001年恢复增长,489万吨的液化气进口量约占国内市场的35％。中国加入世贸组织后,原油进口实行零关税将显著降低炼油企业成本,但同时,成品油进口解冻以及允许非国有贸易单位进口成品油则可能会制约国内炼油厂增加加工量。2002年,原油进口量有可能继续保持去年水平,LPG进口量可能会明显增多,华东地区LPG的市场竞争将更加激烈。

China's net oil imports dropped to 64.9 million tons in 2001 from 69.6 million tons in the previous year, a 6.7 percent decline. With a dccline of processed volumes at domestic refineries crude imports dropped. Import of high sulfur crude from the Middle East, however, jumped dramatically, rising to 39 percent of the country's total crude imports, from 26 percent in the previous year. Iran replaced Oman as the largest crude supplier. Crude import costs declined with the slide of international oil prices. The considerable increase of fuel oil led to a 19 percent growth in the import of oil products. The export of gasoline set a record high of 5.77 million tons, enabling the export of oil products to climb by 23 percent, LPG imports resumed an upward trend in 2001 after dropping in 2000, the first decline in 10 years. LPG imports of 4.89 million tons represented 35 percent of the domestic market. After China's entry into the WTO. the 7,ero tariff rate on crude imports will lower crude costs for oil refineries. However, domestic refineries may be restricted from increasing processing because of the relaxation of the ban on oil products import and the fact that non-state-owned trade units will have permission to import oil products. In 2002, crude imports are likely to remain at similar levels to 2001. while LPG imports are likely to rise, intensifying the competition in the East China LPG market.