某350MW级燃煤电厂化学毒物职业危害风险评估

Risk assessment on chemical poisons hazard of one 350 MW coal-fired power plant

目的对皖北某350 MW级燃煤电厂的化学毒物进行职业危害风险评估,为350 MW级燃煤电厂职业危害关键控制点的风险管理提供技术依据。方法调查某350 MW级燃煤电厂的职业卫生现状及主要化学危害因素种类,采用风险矩阵分析法对某350 MW级燃煤电厂的化学毒物职业危害风险进行评估,风险水平根据健康危害等级(HR)和暴露等级(ER)进行计算。结果皖北某350 MW级燃煤电厂化学毒物中的氨、盐酸、二氧化氮、一氧化碳、硫化氢为中等风险水平,氢氧化钠、二氧化硫、臭氧、硫酸为低风险水平。结论皖北某350 MW级燃煤电厂化学毒物职业危害风险为可接受水平,今后化学毒物危害风险控制重点应加强安全防护措施,防止氨泄漏、盐酸挥发和二氧化氮、一氧化碳逸散引发急性职业中毒以及脱硫废水处理中的硫化氢中毒。

Objective To assess the chemical poisons hazard risk of one 350 MW coal-fired power plant in north Anhui province,for providing technical basis of risk management of chemical poisons hazard in same level power plants. Methods One 350 MW coal-fired power plant was chosen,and its chemical poisons health status and main types of occupational hazard factors were investigated. The chemical poisons occupational hazard risk of this plant was assessed according the risk matrix analysis method. The level of risk was calculated based on hazard rating and exposure rating,Risk = HR: hazard rating,ER: exposure rating. Results The result of research on the chemical hazard of this 350 MW coal-fired power plant was: ammonia,hydrochloric acid,nitrogen dioxide,carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide were in middle risk level; sodium hydroxide,sulfur dioxide,ozone and sulfuric acid were in low risk level. Conclusion The chemical poisons hazard risk level of this 350 MW coal-fired power plant is within tolerance. In future this plant should emphasize the following points for risk management of chemical poisons hazard: to strengthen the safety protection management and avoid acute occupational poisoning caused by ammonia leakage,hydrochloric acidvolatile and nitrogen dioxide & carbon monoxide escape into the air,and at the same time to prevent hydrogen sulfide poisoning in the desulfurization wastewater treatment.