上海市闸北区不育夫妇现状研究

Study on Current Status of Infertile Couples in Zhabei District of Shanghai.

目的:进行不育患病率及其有关影响因素和不育夫妇对生殖健康的服务需求的研究。方法:对上海市闸北区育龄夫妇进行不育症流行病学调查,采用随机抽样方法对400对不育夫妇进行问卷调查。结果:育龄夫妇共93119对,不育夫妇共4692对,不育症患病率为(5.04±2.14)％,其中原发不育3.37％,继发不育1.67％。不育夫妇以年龄大于30岁、中学文化程度、工人和结婚5年以上者为多(P值均<0.05)。不育夫妇中,40.0％女性有盆腔炎史,81.0％继发不育女性有人工流产史;6.2％男性有酗酒和药物成瘾,39.4％性生活异常,14.1％为无精症,仅3.8％作过生殖系统检查。50％以上不育夫妇对生殖保健信息不了解,需要专家咨询等服务。结论:不育症的防治是生育调节和生殖保健工作的重要内容。盆腔炎性疾病是造成不育的重要因素,而人工流产是导致女性继发不育的主要因素。不良生活习惯、性功能障碍等均影响男性生育功能,男性对生殖健康缺乏足够重视。不育对不育夫妇社会心理因素有一定影响,建议利用计划生育各级服务网络对不育夫妇进行宣教及提供相应的服务。

Objective: To investigate epidemiology of infertility in an urban district of Shanghai in China. Methods: A retrospective , cross - sectional analysis of case notes of 400 couples selected by random sampling method from 4,692 infertile couples of which female was between the age of 20 and 45 years under demographic surveillance. Results;The total rate of current infertility in the community was 5. 04%±2. 14% ;3. 36% for primary infertility and 1. 68% for secondary infertility. In this survey, subjects largely were those who were older than 30,with low education,being physical labors and married for more than 5 years ( P <0. 05). Only 39. 8% of the women and 38. 0% of the men had sought medical help for the problem. A history of pelvic inflammatory disease( PID) and induced abortion in women was noted in 40. 0% and 40. 9% respectively. A history of alcohol or drug addiction, sexual dysfunction in men was noted in 16. 2% and 39. 4% respectively. Up to 50% of the subjects knew little information about reproductive health and need service such as special consultation. Conclusion: Reproductive health was poor in this district with endemic levels of PID and induced abortion. Infertile couples are not educated about reproductive health well enough. Besides to overcome social and economic barriers, proper education and clinical and public health interventions among reproductive couples are of great importance for their reproductive health.