民间文学艺术表现形式概念及法例评析--以1982年《示范条款》为例

Analysis on the Concept and Legislation of Expressions of Folklore(EoFs)——A Case Study of the Model Provisions(1982)

为了克服狭义混同式概念和立法的缺陷与问题,1982年《示范条款》摈弃了1976年《突尼斯版权示范法》把民间文学艺术直接等同于民间文学艺术作品,直接等同于著作权法作品的狭义混同路径,创设了"民间文学艺术表现形式(EoFs)"这一概念和广义混同式立法,给"民间文学艺术表现形式"等同于知识产权法客体的地位,并予以特别知识产权法的保护。虽然1982年《示范条款》比1976年《突尼斯版权示范法》在概念和内容方面有诸多改进,但却依然未能从根本上克服混同式立法固有的诸多缺陷和问题,无法达到既保护民间文学艺术,又避免与现行知识产权法相矛盾和冲突的立法初衷。

To overcome limitations and problems arising from the misconception legislation in narrow sense, the Model Provisions （1982） abandons the misconceptional approach of directly equating the folklore art with the folklore works or the copyrighted works that was adopted by the Tunis Model Law （1976）, creates the concept of ＂Expressions of Folklore （EoFs）＂ and the misconception legislation in broad sense, equates the ＂Expressions of Folklore＂ with the object status of the intellectual property and provides it with sui generis IP protection. Compared with the Tunis Model Law （1976）, the Model Provisions （1982） has made progresses in definitions and regulations, but it still fails to fundamentally resolve the inherent problems of the misconception legislation, nor to reach its primary goals of legislation, namely, protecting folklore on one hand and avoiding contradictions and conflicts with the ongoing IP laws on the other hand.