从“宽着期限,紧着课程”到“日课有定程、学成有定期”——浅论中国近现代化过程中教育时间观的变化

From ＂Giving Plenty of Time on Learning, and Supervising Strictly＂ to ＂Daily Routine Should Be Setted, and Deadline of Graduation Should Be Stipulated＂ --Statement on the Transformation of Views of Time on Education in the Course of Modernization of Chinese Education

教育时间观念与民族文化传统密切相关,在教育活动中具体表现为教学进度安排、时间分割与分配、时间单位划分的量度单位以及谁在掌控时间等多方面内容。中国传统的教育时间观念是农业时间,具有个人性、合适性以及长期性特点,而在以朱子的＂宽着期限,紧着课程＂为指导思想编撰而成的《程氏家塾读书日程安排》中得到完整体现。然而在清末,这种教育时间观念逐渐被以讲求效率、精确、集体、短期的工业时间观念所代替,从而使中国教育的形态发生了彻底的变化。

Views of time on education, which is closely related with national traditional culture, embodies in the teaching syllabus, time division and allocation,measure of time division, and the principal part of time control, and more.Views of time on Chinese traditional education , a kind of agricultural time,which had developed its own characteristics with in- dividual,suitable, long term, was embodied in the the principle of ＂giving plenty of time on learning, and supervising strictly＂ proposed by Zhufucius, and constructed perfectively by Cheng duan--meng in his book of Reading Schedule in Chengshi＇s Family School in Yuan Dynasty. But at Late Qing Dynasty, it was replaced by the technical time which had a distinguishing feature of businesslike, mathematical, collective, and shortterm, and Chinese education had been undergone a fundamental change.