沙漠戈壁传统民居建筑遗产的经验与智慧——以新疆麻扎村为例

Experience and wisdom of traditional folk houses' heritage in Gobi desert——Tuyog Mazar Aldi in Xinjiang as an example

沙漠戈壁传统聚落民居建筑是人类在极端自然生境条件下绝地求生、创造性发展的地域民居文化遗产典范.宗教严格、社会封闭、资源匮乏、贫穷落后,气候恶劣、建设艰难是其建筑文化发展的瓶颈,但同时也是它富含顺应性抗争、创造性发展、本土性智慧等特色的源泉.论文以中国历史文化名村—新疆麻扎村为例,通过调查与分析,解读麻扎村沙漠戈壁的极端自然生境条件、宗教文化内涵、社会经济状态、历史发展脉理,展现麻扎村聚落空间形态特色,梳理麻扎村传统民居建筑遗产的基本型制、空间形态、生活关系及文化魅力,挖掘整理麻扎村民居建筑优秀的营造经验与智慧,总结在极端自然、社会、经济生境下朴素的建筑结构、材料、构造、节能等适宜性技术经验与智慧.

Vernacular dwellings architecture of traditional settlement in Gobi desert is a model of regional residential heritage, where human beings survivie in extremity and developing with creativity in extreme natural environment. Strictly religious, closed society, lack of resources, poverty and backwardness, bad weather, difficulty in building is the obstacle in the development of architectural culture in this area. However, this is also the source ,rich in compliant protest, creative development and local wisdom. The thesis takes example of a historic village in Xinjiang - Mazar Village, through investigation and analysis to explain and read the extreme conditions of natural environment, the connotation of religious culture, socio-economic status, context of the historical development, reveal the characteristic settlement space, classify the basic system, space form, living relationship and cultural charm of traditional settlement＇ architectural heritage in Maza village. It excavates and arranges the excellent construction experience and wisdom of dwelling architecture in Maza village, summarize the experience and wisdom of simple building structure, material, construction, energy saving and other appropriate technologies in the extremely natural, social, economic environment.