经皮肾镜碎石术出血防治的研究进展

Research Progress in the Prevention of Renal Hemorrhage in Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy

经皮肾镜碎石术(PCNL)已成为一种较为有效的治疗上尿路结石的常规手术方法,肾出血是PCNL最常见的并发症,有时出血凶险,病情发展迅速甚至危及生命。因此,肾出血的防治对顺利开展PCNL有重要意义。该文结合文献系统分析了PCNL肾出血的病因、分类及特点、出血原因及风险因素,总结了术中和术后快速、准确判断肾出血的原因及有效预防措施,对于顺利开展经皮肾镜手术有重要的借鉴意义。

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy lithotripsy （PCNL） has become an effective routine surgery to treat theupper urinary calculi.Renal hemorrhage in PCNL is the most common complication,sometimes severe bleeding leads to rapid progression that may cause death.Therefore,the prevention and treatment of renal bleeding in PCNL is important.By reviewing the literature,here systematically analyzes the etiology,classification,characteristics,reason and risk factors of renal hemorrhage,and summarizes how to accurately determine the causes and the prevention methods of renal hemorrhage during and after the operation.It provides significant reference to the performance of PCNL.