农业机械导航技术发展分析

Current Situation of Navigation Technologies for Agricultural Machinery

导航技术是农业机械在作业环境中进行自主控制的关键技术,目前是农业机械研究领域的热点。通过分析现有的国内外文献,从目前农业机械导航主要方式以及关键技术入手,阐述了国内外该领域的研究进展。详细介绍了广泛研究的GPS导航和视觉导航,同时简要地介绍了电磁导航、机械导航、激光导航、超声波导航、地磁导航等其他导航形式。对农业机械导航中的环境感知、导航控制、地图构建等关键技术进行了分析,指出了农业机械导航技术的未来发展趋势。

Navigation is a key technology for agriculture machinery when it works automatically, and it becomes a hotspot in research field of agricultural machinery at present. In this paper, literatures are reviewed according to the main ways and key technologies of navigation of agricultural machinery. First of all, navigation technologies based on global positioning system and machine vision were reviewed in detail. Then other ways such as electromagnetic navigation, mechanical navigation, laser navigation, ultrasonic navigation, geomagnetic navigation were reviewed briefly. Sensing of environment, control methods and mapping of environment as the key technologies of the navigation were introduced respectively. Finally, the future development of navigation technologies for agricultural machinery was analyzed.