上海市社区精神分裂症患者生活质量调查及影响因素分析

Quality of Life and Its Influence Factors of Communities Patients with Schizophrenia in Shanghai

目的调查上海市社区精神分裂症患者的生活质量状况,分析其影响因素。方法 2012年10—12月,采用方便抽样法选择浦东新区沪东社区在册管理的所有明确诊断为精神分裂症的患者为调查对象。采用生活质量量表(SQLS)、一般自我效能量表(GSES)、社会支持量表(SSRS)进行问卷调查,采用多元逐步回归法筛选社区精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响因素。结果共调查350例社区精神分裂症患者,回收有效问卷335份,回收率为95.7%。社区精神分裂症SQLS总分为(90.86±52.64)分,GSES总分为(18.97±6.27)分,SSRS总分为(28.57±7.23)分。对精神分裂症患者SQLS总分的影响因素进行多元逐步回归分析,结果显示住院次数、生活事件、服药状况、GSES总分、主观支持维度得分5个变量进入模型(R2=36.1%,P<0.05);同时,住院次数和GSES总分是SQLS各分量表得分的共同影响因素(P<0.05)。结论上海市社区精神分裂患者生活质量受患者GSES总分、社会支持状况、住院次数、生活事件及服药状况等因素的影响,应采取针对性措施进行干预,以提高患者生活质量。

Objective To explore the quality of life（ QOL） of patients with schizophrenia in Shanghai communities and analyze its influencing factors. Methods From October to December 2012,in Hudong Community of Pudong New Area,all diagnosed schizophrenics were enrolled in this study. QOL scales（ SQLS）,General Self- efficacy Scales（ GSES）,Social Support Rating Scale（ SSRS） were used to perform questionnaire investigation,multivariate stepwise regression used to screen the factors influencing community schizophrenics. Results Totally 350 community schizophrenics were investigated and 335 valid questionnaires were received（ 95. 7%）. The average SQLS total score was（ 90. 86 ± 52. 64）,GSES total score was（ 18. 97 ±6. 27）,SSRS total score was（ 28. 57 ± 7. 23）. Multiple stepwise regression analysis was performed on the SQLS influencing factors and showed that hospitalization times,life events,medication status,GSES scores,subjective support scores entered into model（ R2= 36. 1%,P 〈 0. 05）; hospitalization times and GSES total score were the common factors influencing varying dimensions of SQLS（ P 〈 0. 05）. Conclusion Community schizophrenics’ QOL is influenced by GSES total score,social support status,hospitalization times,life events,medication and other factors,which should be intervened using specific measures to improve patients’ QOL.