济南市部分公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生状况调查

Survey on the Sanitary Conditions of Centralized Air Ventilation Systems in Public Places,Jinan City

目的了解济南市公共场所集中空调通风系统送风的卫生状况,改善室内空气质量,减少疾病的传播。方法根据WS 394-2012《公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生规范》,2013年5~12月随机抽查了济南市购物中心、旅店二类公共场所28套集中空调通风系统,对143个送风点进行采样检测。检测送风中的PM10、细菌总数、真菌总数和β-溶血性链球菌4项指标。结果检测28套集中空调通风系统中的143个送风点,二类公共场所PM10的合格率为99.30%,不同二类公共场所检测点间PM10的差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;细菌总数的合格率为81.82%,细菌总数间的差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,最高检测结果出现在购物中心,超出标准四倍多。真菌总数的合格率为79.72%,真菌总数间的差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,最高检测结果也出现在购物中心,超出标准近3倍。β-溶血性链球菌均未检出。购物中心细菌总数与真菌总数的合格率为75.00%、68.18%,均低于旅馆的合格率。结论济南市部分二类公共场所集中空调通风系统存在不同程度的卫生问题,购物中心的送风质量低于旅店。

Objective To understand the sanitary conditions in the air supply of central air conditioning ventilation systems of public places in Jinan city,improve the indoor air quality,so as to reduce the spread of diseases. Methods According to WS 394-2012, Hygienic Standards for Centralized Air Conditioning Ventilation Systems in Public Places ,28 sets of central air conditioning ventilation systems and 143 air supply points were selected randomly from shopping centers and hotels in Jinan city,the air distribution of PM10,totaI count of bacteria, fungi and β-hemolytic streptococcus were de tected. Results The qualification rate of PM10 was 99.30% ,without significant differences（ P 〉0.05）. The qualified rate of the total count of bacteria was 81.82 %, with significant differences（ P d0.01）. The highest test results appeared in the shopping centers,beyond the standard more than four times. The qualified rate of total fungal was 79.72% （ P 0.05） with significant differences. The highest test results also appeared in the shopping centers, almost three times beyond the standard. The qualification rate of R-hemolytic streptococcus was 100.00%. The qualification rate of the total count of bacteria and total fungal in shopping centers was 75.00% and 68.18% ,lower than that in the hotels. Conclusion In the two types of public places in Jinan city,the central air conditioning ventilation systems are being faced with some sanitary problems, the quality of supply air in shopping centers is inferior to that in hotels.