柽麻品种生长发育特性比较研究

Comparison of Crotalaria Juncea Varieties on Growing Characters

为了筛选适宜于安徽地区的优良绿肥品种,通过田间试验和盆栽试验对19个柽麻品种的生长发育特性进行了比较研究。结果表明,柽麻是短期速生的绿肥作物,出苗2个月即可压青;各品种根瘤量为地下部总重的5.5～10.9%,江西早熟柽麻根瘤量最大,固氮能力最强;皖柽麻1号和印度柽麻产青量、干物量和种子产量较高,富集磷钾能力较强。以供试品种积累养分平均数计,翻压绿肥可使粮食作物化学氮肥减施57%。从产青量、干物量、氮磷钾富集能力等方面综合考虑,初步认为皖柽麻1号、印度柽麻和江西早熟柽麻3个品种适宜在安徽种植推广。

Experiments of cultivation in fields and in pots were established to compare the growing characters of19 Crotalaria juncea（ CJ） varieties in Anhui province in 2011 ～ 2013. The objective of those experiments was to select optimal varieties for Anhui area. The results showed that CJ was early- mature in Anhui area. It can be used after emerging two months. Weight of root nodule were 5. 5 ～ 10. 9% of the underground parts. Jiangxi Early- mature CJ was the highest of the varieties on weight of root nodule and capacity of N accumulating. However,Wan No. 1 CJ and Indian CJ were higher than other varieties on fresh- grass yield,yield of seed and dry matter,capacity of accumulating nutrients such as P and K. Calculations were done based on mean of the varieties on capacity of nutrients accumulation,which showed that apply ication of chemical N fertilizer would reduce57% of quantity as green manuring. To make a comprehensive survey base on fresh- grass yield,dry matter yield and capacity of accumulating nutrients,three optimal varieties were selected initially for Anhui area. They were Wan No. 1 CJ,Indian CJ and Jiangxi Early- mature CJ.