哺乳动物单倍体胚胎干细胞的研究进展及应用潜力

Research Progress and Potential Application of Haploid Embryonic Stem Cells in Mammals

单倍体胚胎干细胞(haploid embryonic stem cells,haESCs)是指只含有一套染色体,拥有类似于正常胚胎干细胞的特性,可以在体外无限增殖,并可以形成多种功能细胞、组织和器官的细胞类群。对于哺乳动物细胞基因功能的研究而言,haESC具有单倍性特征而使其成为研究隐形基因功能理想的细胞模型,是遗传学研究的新手段,具有巨大的应用潜力。近期,科学家已经成功建立了haESCs细胞系,此研究成果不仅为研究动物基因功能提供了工具,也为研究动物遗传修饰、改造打开了新渠道。本文综述了哺乳动物haESC的获得方法、研究进展、存在的主要问题以及应用前景。

Haploid embryonic stem cells（haESCs）contain one single set of chromosome and share some characteristics of normal embryonic stem cells, including the ability of self-renewal in vitro and forming multiple functional cells of all the tissues and organs. Recently, mouse haESCs have been successfully isolated from parthenogenetic and androgenetic embryos, providing an idealtool for genetic analyses. HaESCsare useful for studying mammalian genesbecause disruption of only one allele can cause loss-of-function phenotypes. This paper summarized the main methods obtaining haESCs and its potential application in mammals.