发展渣油加氢裂化技术 提高企业竞争力

Developing state-of-art residue oil hydrocracking technologies to improve company's competivity

预计从2000年到2015年世界原油平均相对密度将从0.862 8增加到0.863 9,平均硫质量分数将从1.14%增加到1.25%;全球石油产品中柴油占比将从2010年的28%增加到2030年的34%;我国2015年1月1日将实施汽、柴油国Ⅳ标准,2018年将实施汽、柴油国Ⅴ标准。针对原油资源重质化、高硫化,柴油的高需求量及燃油质量标准不断升级的趋势,强调发展渣油加氢裂化技术、提高企业竞争力的重要性。介绍了国内外渣油加氢裂化技术工程化应用现状,用实例对比了渣油加氢裂化装置与延迟焦化装置的轻质油收率及经济效益。分析了渣油加氢裂化技术工程化过程中遇到的问题,包括:1在原料油加热炉、反应器内(器壁、内构件、下料管等)、高压换热器、减压分馏塔底部、减压分馏塔底换热器等部位的结焦或结垢;2装置不能长周期运行;3产品质量达不到现行相关标准要求。对产生这些问题的原因进行了分析,探讨了渣油加氢裂化技术工程化过程中所遇问题的解决方案,指出了发展渣油加氢裂化技术应做好的重点工作。

It is predicted that the relative average density of crude oils in the world will rise to 0.863 9 from 0.862 8 and the average sulfur content will be increased to 1.25％ from 1.14％ respectively from 2000 to 2015.The percentage of diesel oil in product oils will be raised from 28％ in 2010 to 34％ in 2030 ; As the national motor vehicle emission standard Ⅳ will be implemented for gasoline and diesel on January 1,2015 and the national standard Ⅴ will be applied for gasoline and diesel in 2018,it is very important to develop state-of-the-art residue oil hydrocracking technologies to improve the competitiveness of the company because the world crude oil is becoming increasingly inferior,the diesel demand is rising rapidly and the quality specifications of fuel oil are upgraded.The residue oil hydrocracking technologies as well their engineering application technologies both in China and abroad are described.The light oil yields and economic benefits of residue oil hydrocracking units are compared with those of delayed coking units through case studies.The problems encountered in the engineering development of residue oil hydrocracking technologies are studied,such as ① foul and coke are deposited in the feed heater,reactor （reactor internal wall,internals and outlet pipelines,etc）,HP heat exchangers,vacuum distillation tower bottom,vacuum tower bottom heat exchanger,etc.; ②the long-term operation of the unit can not be realized and （③ the product oil quality can not meet the specifications of applicable standards.The causes of these problems are analyzed and associated solutions are studied.The important work activities in the development of residue oil hydrocracking technologies are presented.