限制空间装货过程中透气变化的晃荡效应

Effect of liquid sloshing on oil-vapor emission in limited space during loading operation

油船装货过程中存在油气蒸发,蒸发出的油气会带来多种危害。装货时产生的晃荡是影响油品蒸发的因素之一。研究油船装货过程中舱内货油的晃荡及气液界面处的扰动对油气蒸发排放的影响,建立几何尺寸比例约为1/40的油船单个油舱模型,进行两组4种不同装货速度下的装货试验。结合对流扩散模型,综合考虑扩散效应、对流效应及透气孔处的透气效应,研究在整个装货过程中油舱透气孔处排出油气体积分数的变化原因及规律。结果表明,在类似油舱这样的限制性空间的完整装油过程中（0~95%）,油气的产生与排出规律随着装载率的不同而变化,大致分为0-5%、5%-50%、50%-70%、70%-95%四个阶段。

Oil-vapor emission from the oil tanker during loading operation will bring a variety of hazards. And the liquid sloshing caused by loading is one of the factors which influence the oil evaporation and emission. The relationship between the oil-vapor emission and the liquid sloshing intensity was studied. An approximate 1 /40 scale model of the oil tanker was established to conduct loading experiments,and then the comprehensive effects of diffusion,convection and ventilation on the behavior of oil-vapor emission in the entire loading process（ 0- 95%） were studied. The results show that in a limited space such as oil tanker,with the change of the loading speeds,the changing rules of oil-vapor emission from the breather hole can be approximately divided into four stages,which are 0- 5%,5%- 50%,50%- 70%,70%- 95%.