认知风格对决策中框架效应影响的研究进展

Review of Cognitive Styles Affecting Framing Effects in Decision-making

决策作为一种高级认知活动,存在于人们的日常生活中。决策过程中的理性与非理性是决策理论争论的一个热点。Kahneman和Tversky(1981)提出的"框架效应"体现了决策过程中问题表述对理性决策的干扰,描述了决策问题中因情景表述的改变而导致选择偏好改变的现象。认知风格作为一个重要的个体认知活动差异变量,对决策过程产生了重要的作用,尤其是对框架效应产生了不可忽视的影响,该现象已引起了研究者们的高度重视。在回顾决策中框架效应的提出、框架效应的影响因素,以及认知风格如何影响框架效应等几方面内容的基础上,总结分析了以往研究中存在的不足以及未来需要解决的问题。

Decisionmaking ,being an advanced cognitive activity ,exists in people’s daily life .In the past few decades ,the rationality of the decisionmaking process has sparked enormous interest within the fields of psychology .Framing effects proposed by Kahneman and Tversky （1981） have indicated that people often deviate from responses considered as being normative in many judgement and decisionmaking tasks ,w hich is also know n as framing effect in decision-making that different representations of the same problem do not yield the same preference or choice .Cognitive style is an important difference variables in personal cognition and is very important for decisionmaking ,especially for framing effects .Furthermore ,the present article examines studies and researches in the psychology discipline regarding to neuromechanism of decisionmaking process and cognitive functions in relation to the generation of framing effect .This article aims at providing an overall review of the relationship between cognitive styles and all three types of framing effect and summarizing the shortcomings of past research and problems to be solved in the future .