《金匮要略》中“山羊肉”记载勘误

On records of “goat meat” in Jingui Yaolue

《金匮要略》中提到妊妇不可食山羊肉。但事实上,山羊肉养血,无伤于妊妇,而山羊血活血,有伤于妊妇。并且,书中有羊肉和山羊肉两种名称,二者性味归经却没有明显差异。汉代马王堆帛书中,血字与古代肉的异体字相似,二者极易形近而讹。结合当时的社会经济状况,肉类是奢侈品,普通人在多数情况下只能食用由动物血制成的食品。所以,与山羊肉相比,山羊血被载入医书中的几率会更高。再考虑到此书成书后适逢战乱,又因年代久远,在传世过程中难免会存在纰漏。据此推测,山羊肉可能是山羊血的误写。

Pregnant women can not eat goat meat according to Jingui Yaolue. Actually,goat meat can nourish blood without harm to pregnant woman,while goat blood can invigorate the circulation of blood to do harm to pregnant woman. Moreover,mutton and goat meat are two names mentioned in the book. They have no obvious difference in terms of flavor and meridian tropism. In the silk book of Mawangdui of Han Dynasty,the Chinese characters of blood and meat were similar. The two words were confused. Meat was luxury in consideration of social economy at that time,ordinary people had to eat food made of animal blood in most cases. So,compared with goat meat,the goat blood was recorded into the textbooks with higher probability. What＇s more,there must be some flaws in it because of war and old age. We may infer that goat meat may be goat blood written by mistake.