从言语社区视角谈地方戏改革中的语言选用问题——以黄梅戏为例

On language Choice in the Reform of Local Operas From the Perspective of Speech Community——An Example of Huangmei Opera

方言和地方戏是重要的语言文化资源。地方戏改革中的语言问题突出体现为方言和普通话的选用矛盾。各类戏曲团体合乎人口、地域、互动、认同、设施五要素标准,可视为言语社区。以黄梅戏言语社区为例,它存在异质性的地域分布、流动性的人口组成、专属性的设施构成、常态化的方言互动以及趋同化的语言认同。解决语言选用问题时要重视这些特点,并防止其言语社区继续出现地域离失、人口走失、设施丧失、互动缺失、认同迷失等问题。

Dialects and local operas are significant resources of language and culture. A prominent language problem in the reform of local operas is the conflict between mandarin and dialects. When an opera group meets the criteria of population, region, interaction, identity and facilities, it can be seen as a speech community. For example,Huangmei Opera speech community has heterogeneous geographical distribution, unstable population constitution, localized facilities, normalized interaction and assimilated identity. These characteristics should be taken into consideration during language choice, and the loss in region, population, facilities, interaction and identity in the speech community should be avoided.