经皮微创椎弓根螺钉内固定与开放手术治疗胸腰椎骨折:Cobb’s角与椎体前缘高度恢复的比较

Minimally invasive percutaneous pedicle screw fixation versus open surgery for thoracolumbar fracture: Cobb's angle and vertebral height

背景:切开复位内固定创伤大,并发症多,随着微创观念深入临床,经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定逐步显示出其显著的优越性。目的:对比观察微创经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定与开放手术修复胸腰椎骨折的效果差异。方法:回顾性分析自2012年10月至2014年1月收治的胸腰椎骨折患者50例,其中微创经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定组25例、开放手术组25例。分别比较手术切口长度、手术出血量、手术时间及治疗后住院时间、手术切口目测类比评分;于治疗前、治疗后24,48 h检测外周血肌酸激酶活性及C-反应蛋白水平;治疗前后通过影像学结果观察椎体前缘高度、后凸Cobb’s角变化。结果与结论:与开放组相比,微创组手术切口长度小、术中出血少、手术时间短,治疗后卧床时间及住院时间短,术后伤口疼痛程度轻。两组血清C-反应蛋白水平及肌酸激酶活性在治疗前比差异无显著性意义,治疗后24,48 h两组均较治疗前明显升高,但开放组治疗后24,48 h的血清C-反应蛋白水平及肌酸激酶活性均明显高于微创组。两组治疗后Cobb’s角及椎体前缘高度与同组治疗前比较,差异均有非常显著性意义(P<0.01)。两组治疗后Cobb’s角与椎体前缘高度差异均无显著性意义(P>0.05)。提示微创经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定与开放手术修复胸腰椎骨折效果相近,但微创经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定后对患者全身创伤反应的影响程度较开放手术明显降低,更具有微创性。

BACKGROUND：Open reduction and internal fixation cause big trauma and many complications. With the progression of minimal y invasive concept, percutaneous pedicle screw fixation gradual y showed its obvious superiority. OBJECTIVE：To compare clinical outcomes of minimal y invasive percutaneous pedicle screw fixation versus open surgery in the treatment of thoracolumbar fracture. METHODS：From October 2012 to January 2014, 50 cases of thoracolumbar fractures, including 25 cases in the minimal y invasive percutaneous pedicle screw fixation group and 25 cases in the open surgery group, were retrospectively analyzed. The differences in length of skin incision, intraoperative blood loss, operation time, postoperation hospital stay, and visual analog scale scores were compared. Serum creatine kinase activity and＆amp;nbsp;C-reactive protein levels were measured before surgery and at 24 and 48 hours after operation. Imaging results were used to observe vertebral height and kyphosis Cobb’s angle changes. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION：Compared with the open surgery group, the length of skin incision was smal er and intraoperative blood loss was less, operation time, bed time and hospital stay were shorter, and pain of the wound was lighter in the minimal y invasive group. No significant difference was found in serum creatine kinase activity and C-reactive protein levels between the two groups. Serum creatine kinase activity and C-reactive protein levels were higher at 24 and 48 hours after treatment compared with before treatment in both groups. Serum creatine kinase activity and C-reactive protein levels were higher in the open surgery group than in the minimal y invasive group at 24 and 48 hours. There were significant differences in vertebral height and kyphosis Cobb’s angle in both groups after treatment compared with before treatment （P〈0.01）. No significant difference in vertebral height and kyphosis Cobb’s angle was detected between the two groups after treatment （P〉0.05）. Results indicated that minimal y invasive percutaneous pedicle screw fixation and open surgery in repair of thoracolumbar fractures had similar outcomes. However, the trauma of minimal y invasive percutaneous pedicle screw fixation was apparently less than open surgery.