汕头地区在职人员的慢性肾脏病发病率调查

The Epidemiological Study of Chronic Kidney Disease in Occupational Populations in Shantou

目的：探讨汕头地区在职人员慢性肾脏病（CKD）的患病率及危险因素。方法：对汕头地区7个行政区的7000名18岁~60岁的政府机关、学校、企事业单位、私人企业等干部进行问卷调查、肾脏损伤指标、肾脏结构及相关危险因素的检测。结果：在6895例资料完整的在职人员中，蛋白尿的患病率为2．36%，肾功能下降的患病率为2．67%，血尿患病率为8．79%，肾脏结构异常的患病率为5．79%。该人群中 CKD 的患病率为18．23%，CKD 的知晓率为5．8%。Logistic 回归分析提示，尿白细胞（OR 值=1．737，P =0．024）、血尿（OR 值=5．068，P 〈0．001）、血糖（OR 值=1．460，P 〈0．001）是蛋白尿产生的危险因素。但是尿蛋白（OR 值=5．011，P 〈0．001）、高密度脂蛋白（OR 值=2．542，P =0．003）、低密度脂蛋白（OR 值=6．780，P 〈0．001）与肾功能下降独立相关。结论：汕头地区在职人员 CKD 的患病率为18．23%，接近甚至高于国内的其他地区，相关危险因素包括尿蛋白、低密度脂蛋白以及肾结石。

Objective：To investigate the prevalence of kidney damage and risk factors in occupational populations in Shan-tou,a coastal city in Guangdong province. Methods：7 000 staffs work in government offices,schools,state enterprises and private enterprises of 7 disticts in Shantou were tested for proteinuria,hematuria by morning spot urine,reduced glomerular filtration rate. The associations among demographic characteristics,health characteristics,renal ultrasonography,and indicators of kidney damage were examined. Results：Totally 6 895 pepole finish the study,including 4 453 men,2 442 women,Proteinuria were detected in 2. 36% ,reduced renal function in 2. 67% ,hematuria in 8. 79% ,abnormalities in imaging tests in 5. 79% . 18. 23% of subjects had at least one indicator of kidney damage,but theawareness rate of CKD was only 5. 8% . Pyuria,hematuria,blood glocuse were inde-pendently associated with proteinuria. Proteinuria,HDL,LDL were independently associated with reduced renal function. Conclu-sion：The prevalence and risk factors of CKD in occupational populations in Shantou are higher than those of other city in China.