免耕对土壤物理性状及作物产量影响

Influence of no-tillage on soil physical properties and crop production

免耕作为农业生产中一项重要的管理措施,有蓄水保墒、培肥土壤、提升地力、防治扬尘、减少水土流失和促进农牧业可持续发展等作用,在我国北方干旱半干旱地区已见成效。但受区域生态环境、气候类型和农业生产措施在不同时空尺度的变异,加之土地利用方式有别,有关免耕措施对土壤物理性状、作物产量的影响,呈现一定分异特性。本文就免耕这一保护性耕作措施对土壤物理特性及作物产量的影响研究进行综合归纳,并对以免耕为代表保护性耕作在我国推广应用中存在的问题及应对策略做了概述,为保护性耕作在我国发展提供支持。

As an important soil management practice for agriculture production, no-tillage could increase soil moisture storage, improve fertility, prevent particle from agricultural land, reduce soil and water loss and accelerate agriculture sustainable development. It has already proved that no-tillage played an important role in arid and semiarid areas of China. However, the regional eco-environment, climate types and agri- cultural production technology differ in various spacia-temporal scales, associating with the difference in land utilization patterns. The influence of no-tillage on the soil physical properties and crop production also presented distinguish in region-spatial and temporal patterns. In this review, the effects of no-tillage on the soil physical properties and crop production were summarized and synthesized; meanwhile, the existing questions of continuous application for no-tillage in China were analyzed, and also the possible suggestions were put forward. The results from this review provided references for optimal application of no-tillage in different regions and supports for the mechanism involving conservation tillage reduce soil erosion.