论尼赫鲁政府的双重核政策

Dual Usage and the Nuclear Policy of the Nehru Administration

尼赫鲁政府时期印度的核政策具有兼顾民用与军用的双重特性:一方面公开宣布印度决不把核技术用于核武器制造;另一方面,在发展核计划时暗中为制造核武器做准备。此间,印度的《原子能法案》高度强调保密性,科学家得以自由地实施兼顾军事目的的核计划。同时,印度获得了高浓度的武器级钚,并保留了自由使用这些钚的权利。此外,尼赫鲁总理从未放弃在极端条件下印度可以制造并使用核武器的权利。在核裁军问题上,印度的政策也是实用主义的,既积极参加国际裁军议题,主张全面、彻底裁军,又表示如果全面裁军不能实现,印度也应保留包括发展核武器在内的充分的核权利。

Throughout the Nehru Administration,India's nuclear policy incorporated elements of both civilian and military use. On one hand,it publically declared India's pledge not to apply nuclear technology to the production of weapons; on the other hand,as its nuclear plan development,it secretly made preparations to manufacture nuclear weapons. At the time,India's Atomic Energy Act strongly emphasized confidentiality,providing scientists with ample freedom to consider nuclear plans which simultaneously supported military objectives. During this period,India also obtained highly enriched weapons grade plutonium,and maintained the freedom and right to use these materials. Throughout his time in office,Prime Minister Nehru never gave up India's right to manufacture and use nuclear weapons under extraordinary circumstances. With respect to nuclear disarmament,India maintained a pragmatic policy,participating enthusiastically in international nuclear disarmament frameworks,and advocating for complete and comprehensive disarmament,while simultaneously maintaining that if comprehensive disarmament proved elusive that India would maintain a robust set of rights,including that to manufacture nuclear weapons.