施用麦糠对砂质潮土物理性状及小麦产量的影响

Effects of Wheat Bran Application on Physical Properties of Sandy Soil and Yield of Wheat

为了探讨改善砂质潮土结构性差、物理性状不良的农艺措施,提高砂土生产能力,运用田间试验及土壤分析方法,在豫东砂质潮土区现行的生产、生态及技术条件下,研究了施用麦糠对土壤物理性状及小麦产量的影响。结果表明,施用麦糠750~4 500kg/hm2,0~20cm土层土壤容重降低0.04~0.12g/cm^3,土壤坚实度平均降低0.46~1.02kg/cm^3,饱和导水率下降0.56~2.67cm/h,毛管持水量及吸湿量分别提高1.4~5.2、0.02~0.25个百分点,0~40cm土体保水能力增强;5~2mm、2~1mm、1~0.5mm水稳性团粒结构体均增加,其相关系数分别为0.905^＊＊、0.767^＊＊、0.883^＊＊。砂质潮土麦田施用麦糠小麦穗部性状明显改善,产量构成因素协调,小麦增产5.1%~21.7%,平均15.2%;每100kg麦糠增产小麦41.3~64.0kg,平均53.0kg。麦糠的适宜用量为2 250~3 750kg/hm^2。

In order to explore the agronomic measures to improve the sandy soil with poor structure and physical traits and increase its production capacity,the field experiments and soil analysis were conducted in the sandy soil area of East Henan Province at current conditions of production,ecology and technology.The result showed that,when 750-4 500kg/ha wheat bran was applied,the soil bulk density decreased by 0.04-0.12g/cm^3,the average compactness decreased by 0.46-1.02kg/cm^3,the saturated hydraulic conductivity reduced by 0.56-2.67cm/h,the capillary water-holding capacity and hygroscopic capacity increased by 1.4-5.2percentage points and 0.02-0.25 percentage points,respectively in 0-20 cm soil,the water retention capacity in 0-40 cm soil enhanced,and the 5-2mm,2-1mm,1-0.5mm water-stability aggregate structures all increased with the correlation coefficient of0.905^＊＊,0.767^＊＊,0.883^＊＊,respectively.And at the same time,the spike traits of wheat were improved,the yield components were more coordinated,and the grain yield was increased by 5.1%-21.7%,with an average of 15.2%.The increasing range of yield was 41.3-64.0kg per 100 kg bran,53.0kg in average.The suitable amount of wheat bran applied was 2 250-3 750kg/ha.