福建省非物质文化遗产结构及地理空间分布特征

Structure and Distribution of the Intangible Cultural Heritage in Fujian

运用定量统计及空间分析方法,对福建省非物质文化遗产的级别结构、类型结构、宏观区域分布、行政市域分布以及流域分布等特征,进行了地理环境分析和基于市域尺度的空间特征分析。研究发现,福建省的非物质文化遗产的空间分布特征为:等级结构呈现出"金字塔"形;类型结构以传统手工技艺和民俗项目为主;空间结构特征在数量上,以闽南地区为主,闽中地区次之,闽东、闽北、闽西地区的非物质文化遗产项目数量较少。传统医药和传统体育、游艺与杂技的区位熵福州比较高,曲艺则是高度集中于厦门,民间文学集中分布于泉州,传统舞蹈与传统音乐则分别集中于三明和龙岩;在密度上表现为厦门、莆田、泉州三地市较高。此外福建省的非物质文化遗产的分布具有流域指向性。自然地理环境、社会经济因素、人文环境等多种因素对福建省非物质文化遗产空间分布产生影响。完善分级保护制度和保护名录体系,强化文化空间的保护,适度进行非物质文化遗产旅游开发等创新途径,将是未来福建非物质文化遗产保护和传承的核心议题。

This paper using methods of statistical analysis and spatial analysis analyses the characteristics of hi -erarchical structure , formation structure , macroscopic regional distribution , administrative distribution on municipal scale , and drainage distribution of the intangible cultural heritage in Fujian Province .There are mainly three charac-teristics with the spatial distribution of intangible cultural heritages in Fujian ：1） the hierarchical structure is a pyra-mid-like one;2） with the formation structure , the traditional handcrafts and folk activities dominate;3） concerning the spatial structure , Southern Fujian leads on the number of intangible cultural heritage , with Middle Area behind it, and dwarfs East , North and West part of Fujian .Fuzhou has the highest location entropies on traditional , sports, entertainments , and acrobatics;traditional folk art forms are highly concentrated in Xiamen;Quanzhou is the concen-tration place of folk literature;Sanming and Longyan leads on traditional dancing and traditional music respectively . On the density of distribution , Xiamen, Putian and Quanzhou are the three highest places .Besides, the distribution of the intangible cultural heritage in Fujian is for some certain drainage-indicative .The distribution of intangible cul-tural heritages in Fujian is multifactorially affected by geographical environment , socio-economic factors , cultural en-vironment, et al..It is suggested that perfection of the hierarchical protection institution and the protection list sys -tem, strengthening of the protection of cultural spaces , and proper development of intangible cultural heritages as tourism sites will be key topics of the future protection and inheritage of intangible cultural heritages in Fujian .