库尔勒香梨果园间作饲草作物对土壤养分及小环境的影响

Effects of Intercropping Forage Grass on Soil Nutrients and Microclimate in Korla Pear Orchard

[目的]成龄香梨果园间作牧草,研究饲草间作对果园土壤理化性状以及小环境的影响,以期为果园间作牧草生产的进一步推广应用提供基础数据.[方法]采用田间取样与室内分析相结合的方法,测定土壤有机质及土壤理化性状,地温、空气温湿度,并与清耕区进行对照分析.[结果]香梨果园间作牧草后土壤全量养分发生变化,0～60 cm土层土壤有机质含量得到有效提高,表现为草木樨＞一年生黑麦草＞小麦＞清耕;0～30 cm土层全氮含量草木樨最高,随着土壤深度的增加,下降幅度变小,差异不显著;种草区土壤全磷含量高于对照,但全钾含量差异不明显;与清耕区相比,生草区地温与空气温度降低,而且日变化相对平缓;牧草间作能有效提高香梨果园相对湿度.[结论]牧草间作不仅能提高香梨果园土壤有机质,还能改善果园生态小环境.

[ Objective ] The project aims to study the effect of interplanting forage grass interplanted with mature on soil physicochemical properties of Korla pear and its cicorclimate in order to provide basic data for further application production of forage by intercropping in Korla pear orchard. [ Method] Field sampling and laboratory analysis combination methods were used to measure soil nutrients and characteristics, soil temperature, temperature and humidity of orchard, and contrast and analyze them with clean tillage orchard. [ Result ] The full amount of soil nutrients was changed by interplanting forage grass in the Korla pear orchard, and the organic matter at 0 - 60 cm soil layer was effectively improved which demonstrated as Melilotus 〉 Annual ryegrass 〉 Wheat 〉 clean tillage area;Melilotus at 0 -30 cm soil layer displayed the highest nitrogen content,and with the soil depth increas, the decline becomes smaller, the difference was not significant. Total phosphorus content of soil was higher in the interplanting area than in the control, but no significant difference in the potassium content between treatments. Soil and air temperature decreased in interplanting area and the change was relatively flat. The relative humidity of orchard could be efficiently increased by interplanting forage