劳动力成本上升对出口企业转型升级的倒逼作用——基于中国工业企业数据的实证研究

Anti-driving Effect of Rising Labour Costs on Transformation and Upgrading of China's Export Enterprises:Empirical Analysis on the China's Industrial Enterprises Data

文章利用2005～2010年中国工业企业数据库的基础数据，在有效控制企业规模等因素后，对劳动力成本上升是否倒逼了中国出口企业转型升级这一命题进行实证检验。结果显示，劳动力成本上升对出口企业转型升级的“倒逼”作用总体存在，但其效应在不同行业、不同地区和不同企业类型间存在差异。对劳动密集型出口企业的倒逼作用强于对资本和技术密集型出口企业；对东部地区出口企业的倒逼作用较为显著，但对中西部地区出口企业的作用尚未充分显现；对中国本土出口企业的倒逼作用同时体现在全要素生产率水平和新产品销售额比重的提高，而对外资企业的倒逼作用则主要体现在新产品销售额比重的提高。对于劳动力成本上升背景下亟待转型升级的中国出口贸易，上述研究结论具有重要政策意涵。

By using China's industrial enterprises data from 2005 to 2010,this paper conducts an empirical analysis on anti-driving effect of rising labour costs on transformation and upgrading of export enterprises with effective control over main factors such as the size of enterprises.The results reveal that anti-driving effect of rising labour costs on transformation and upgrading of export enterprises exists,but the effect differs among different sectors,different regions and different enterprises as well.Specifically,the effect is more observable in labour intensive than in capital and technology intensive enterprises;the anti-driving effect is obvious in the eastern region but is not in the middle and westen regions;the effect on domestic enterprises reflects in both total factor productivity and the sale of new product while the effect on foreign enterprises is mainly reflected by the sale of new product.Under the background of rising labour costs,the above findings have policy implications for the transformation and upgrading of export enterprises.