基于太湖流域跨界断面的跨界水环境综合管理区及控制单元划分研究

Delineation of the Water Environmental Comprehensive Management Area and Control Unit in the Trans-river Cross-section of Taihu Basin

基于太湖流域管理局明确的苏浙沪31个跨界断面2009年7月—2012年12月的长序列野外水文、水质监测,以太湖流域苏浙沪三省跨界区域为研究主体,利用一维稳态水环境数学模型和水质影响权重模型,通过对三省交界嘉善县的重点研究确定对跨界断面水质影响占60%~70%的污染负荷所在区域的跨界水环境综合管理区的基本研究单位为县（市）,依据基本研究单位划分得到太湖流域跨界水环境综合管理区面积为7 097 km2,其尺度与美国的水文四级分区一致。基于跨界河流流向及水系完整性特点,进一步将太湖流域跨界水环境综合管理区划分成4个控制单元,划分的控制单元尺度类似于美国宏观尺度的五级分区,是跨界区域水污染控制的基本单元.

Three levels of pollution control were proposed in the 12th five-year plan in China, i. e. , basin, control area, and control unit, but defining the control area and control unit has been a challenge, especially in the trans-boundary areas of the Taihu basin. Based on long-term hydrolog- ical and water quality monitoring between July 2009 and December 2012 in 31 trans-river cross-sec- tions by the Taihu Basin Authority of the Ministry of Water Resources, the trans-boundary areas were studied in Jiangsu Province, Zhejiang Province, and Shanghai City in the Taihu basin. Using a one- dimensional steady state mathematical model and a weighted parameters model of water quality im- pact, 60% ~ 70% of the pollution load impact area was defined as the water environmental compre- hensive management area （WACMA）. Jiashan County was the focus of the present study, which was investigated at the county-scale as the basic research unit for the WACMA. The WACMA was delineated in the Taihu basin and it occupied a total area of 7 097 km2, which was a similar scale tothe Level 1V hydrological unit referred to as a subbasin in the USA. Next, considering the flow di- rections of the trans-boundary rivers and the integrity of the overall river system, four control units were delineated in the WACMA, which were similar to the Level V hydrological unit referred to as a watershed in the USA. The control units were the basic water pollution control units in the trans- boundary areas.