中药注射剂不良反应成因及对策

Traditional Chinese Medicine Injection Adverse Reaction on the Causes and Countermeasures

中药注射剂受化学成分、生产工艺等因素影响,不良反应发生率也随之增高,越来越受到关注,也打破了中药安全无毒副作用的错误观念。成因:内在因素-中药材来源、产地、采收季节、加工炮制方法;临床因素-不同药物之间配伍不当;患者因素-个体差异、遗传基因、免疫系统、过敏体质、老人、婴儿、经期妇女、孕妇,生理状态不同。特点:发生部位相对集中,以皮肤及附件损害、局部刺激,全身性损害为主;个体差异,可涉及多个器官及系统,免疫系统能力、体质差更容易产生;原材料质量成分密切相关。对策:稳定质量、注意配伍及使用剂量、个体差异及特殊过敏体质、采取监护和应急措施、正确认识不良反应、建立监测机制。并非发生不良反应的药品就是假药劣药,重视中药注射剂不良反应的严重性,同时不能因为出现不良反应就否定中药注射剂疗效,应做到因病施治,合理用药。

Traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） injections are influenced by factors such as chemical composition, production process, also increased incidence of adverse reactions, obtaining more and more attention, also breaking the myth of safe non-toxic side effects of traditional Chinese medicine. Cause： the internal factors- Chinese herbal medicine source, origin, harvest season, processing method; Clinical factors-The drug compatibility between different factors in patients with improper; individual differences, genetic, immune system, allergic constitution, the elderly, infants, menstruating women, pregnant women, the different physiological condition. Characteristic： Location is relatively concentrated, damage to the skin and accessories, local stimulation, systemic damage is given priority to; Individual differences, can involve multiple organs and systems, immune system, more prone to the constitution differs; Is closely related to the quality of raw material composition. Countermeasures： stable quality, pay attention to the compatibility and the dose and individual difference and special allergic constitution, take care and emergency measures, the correct understanding of adverse reactions, to establish a monitoring mechanism. Not the adverse reaction of drugs is the counterfeit drug, to serious adverse reaction of traditional Chinese medicine injection, and not because of adverse reaction of traditional Chinese medicine injections have negative effect, should do the illness and treatment, rational use of drug.