南海北部深水盆地流体活动系统及其成藏意义

Focused fluid flow systems and their implications for hydrocarbon and gas hydrate accumulations in the deep-water basins of the northern South China Sea

根据高精度的3D和2D地震资料,对南海北部深水盆地的流体活动系统的类型、影响因素和它们之间的演化关系进行了研究.南海北部深水区存在着包括:泥火山、泥底辟、气烟囱、管状通道、多边形断层和构造断层等多种类型的流体活动系统.根据地震反射特征,可以把它们划分为断层有关的流体活动系统和柱状流体活动系统两大类.研究发现研究区内的流体活动系统主要受构造和沉积两方面的影响.并且,气烟囱、泥底辟和泥火山存在着单向演化的关系,可以从是否有沉积物参与运移及是否喷出海底将它们区分开来.最后,本文探讨了流体活动系统对深水油气和天然气水合物成藏的重要影响,建立了南海北部流体活动系统的存在模式.

The types, influencing factors and their evolutions of focused fluid flow systems in the northern South China Sea （SCS） are deeply studied based on high-resolution 3D and 2D seismic data. These systems include mud volcanoes, mud diapirs, gas chimneys, pipes, polygonal faults and tectonic faults. They are influenced by both tectonism and sedimentation. The gas chimneys, mud diapirs and mud volcanoes may have relationship of unidirectional evolution and we can separate them from whether the sediments are involved and whether the sediments or fluids erupt into the seawater or not. Finally, a development model of focused fluid flow systems in the northern SCS is proposed. Because their great importance for the deep-water resource exploration （hydrocarbon and gas hydrate）, they should receive much attention from now on.