当前国际新能源汽车产业和充电设施规划发展综述及启示

Introduction and Enlightenment of Planning and Construction on Electric Vehicles Charging Infrastructure in Contemporary World

当前全球新能源汽车及充电设施已开始步入爆发式增长阶段,面大量广的充电设施建设必将会对城乡空间和环境格局产生重大影响,因此尽早将建设纳入空间规划和设计层面进行统筹考虑和系统研究已刻不容缓。本文梳理了当前国际上电动汽车产业和充电设施规划的新进展,结合实地调研,就相关产业政策、新技术应用、商业模式及充电设施规划状况进行分析,提出美国以特斯拉为代表的分层次适应性和互联网模式解决充电设施配置瓶颈;日本因地制宜、灵活均衡的建设策略,以及法国以商业模式创新来推进充电设施发展等均有独到之处,可为国内充电设施配置环境和影响因素的认知提供参考,并对开展合理规划有所启示。

With China stepping into low carbon age there is a fast-growing need for widely distributed electric vehicles charging infrastructure which will lead to significant influence on urban and rural environment. Therefore, it is urgent to take the planning and design for EV charging infrastructure into consideration now. The article has introduced international development and new trends of EV industry, analyzed measurements taken in industrial policy, technical performance, operation model which could influence deeply the deployment of charging infrastructure. The experiences from the US, Japan and France will provide enlightenment to China＇s reasonable planning and construction in EV charging infrastructure.