乌鲁木齐市住宅室内潮湿表征与儿童哮喘及过敏性疾病的相关性

Associations of Home Dampness Signs with Childhood Asthma and Allergic Diseases in Urumqi

[目的]研究乌鲁木齐市儿童哮喘及过敏性疾病与住宅室内潮湿的关系，为进一步提出有效预防儿童哮喘及过敏性疾病的措施提供科学依据。[方法]2011年10-12月，采取多阶段整群抽样的方法，对乌鲁木齐市7个行政区的5650名1~8岁儿童进行问卷调查。调查问卷包括基本信息，儿童及家长的健康情况，住宅和建筑特征以及室内潮湿表征4个部分。应用卡方检验和非条件logistic回归方法估计室内潮湿表征与儿童哮喘及过敏性疾病的关联。[结果]有效问卷共4618份，应答率81．7％，男童占53．7％。共有20．8％的住户报告“窗户凝结水”，其次是“水损”（15．1％），“湿斑”（14．1％）和“霉点”（8．6％）。在所调查的疾病中，46．4％的儿童报告曾经出现鼻炎；近12个月里，42．7％的儿童出现鼻炎，25.3％出现喘息；医生诊断哮喘和鼻炎的报告率分别为3．7％和8．7％。室内潮湿与儿童哮喘及过敏性疾病显著相关，其中，“湿斑”与近12个月喘息症状显著相关[OR=1．57；95％置信区间（CI）：1．27—1．95]；“霉点”与医生诊断哮喘（OR=2．18；95％CI：1．30~3．67）；“窗户凝结水”（OR=I．62；95％CI：1．09—2．40）和“水损”（OR=1．93；95％CI：1．35～2．76）与近12个月湿疹等均呈现正相关；且近12个月里出现的喘息、鼻炎和湿疹症状，其OR值随着潮湿表征评分的升高而增戈。．[结论]乌鲁木齐市住宅室内潮湿可能是儿童哮喘及过敏性疾病的潜在危险因素。

[ Objective ] To investigate the associations of home dampness with childhood asthma and allergic diseases in Urumqi, and to provide scientific evidence for further prevention against asthma and allergic diseases in children. [ Methods ] Totally 5 650 children （1-8 years old） were invited to a questionnaire survey by multistage cluster sampling in seven administrative areas in Urumqi during October to December 2011. The questionnaire consisted of four parts including socio-demographic characteristics, parents＇ and children＇s health conditions, housing and residential characteristics, and signs of home dampness. Chi- square analysis and non-conditional logistic regression model were used to evaluate the associations between signs of home dampness and childhood asthma/allergic diseases. [ Results ] A total of 4 618 valid questionnaires were returned （response rate, 81.7%） and boys accounted for 53.7%. Water condensation in windows had the highest report rate （20.8%）, followed by water leakage （15.1%）, damp stains （14.1%）, and mold spots （8.6%）. In addition, 46.4% of the children reported rhinitis ever. In last 12 months, 42.7% of the children reported rhinitis and 25.3% did wheezing. The reported rates were 3.7% for physician-diagnosed asthma and 8.7% for physician-diagnosed rhinitis, respectively. Signs of home dampness were positively associated with childhood asthma and allergic diseases. Significant associations were identified between damp stain and wheezing in last 12 months （OR=1.57; 95%CI：1.27-1.95）, mold spot and physiciamdiagnosed asthma （OR=2.18; 95%CI： 1.30-3.67）, water condensation in windows （0R=1.62; 95%CI： 1.09-2.40） or water leakage （OR=1.93; 95%CI： 1.35-2.76） and eczema in last 12 months. Additionally, the associations were stronger with an increased level of the dampness signs, particularly for symptoms in the last 12 months. [ Conclusion ] Home dampness is likely one potential risk factor for childhood asthma and allergic diseases in Urumqi.