土地集体化与农村传统大家庭的结构转型

Land Collectivization and the Structural Transition of Traditional Rural Families

根据农村70岁以上老年人的口述史资料,可分析他们在20世纪50年代中期土地集体化之前、50—70年代土地集体化时期及家庭联产承包责任制时期的家庭生产与生活情况,以及这三个时期农村家庭结构的变化。研究发现,中国传统大家庭向小家庭的转型并不是由西方传统意义的工业化促成的,作为1949年后国家早期工业化策略的农村土地集体化彻底改变了传统家庭生产与生活的组织方式,改变了父权制度下的代际关系与结构,进而启动了家庭结构转型的历史进程。这一解释有别于经典的家庭变迁的"现代化理论"。

We use oral history materials from elderly rural people aged over seventy to analyze rural family production and living conditions prior to collectivization in the mid-1950s;during collectivization from the 1950 s to the 1970s;and under the household contract responsibility system of the late 1970 s.We find that the transition from the traditional family to the nuclear family was not the result of industrialization in the traditional Western sense.As an early industrialization strategy of the state after1949,rural collectivization fundamentally changed the organizing pattern of traditional family production and living conditions and of inter-generational relations and structure under the patriarchal system,and in addition started the historical course of structural transition in the family.This explanation differs from the classical 'theory of modernization' of family change.