山地煤矿开采对土壤理化性质的影响

Influence of Mountain Coal Mining on Physical and Chemical Properties of Soil

为研究山地煤矿开采对土壤理化性质的影响,进而为干旱半干旱地区的矿山生态修复工作提供理论依据,运用土壤学基本理论和方法,测定并计算了新疆西沟煤矿废弃矿山体和周边未受扰动山体土壤的机械组成、容重、孔隙度、含水量、pH值、有机质和养分等指标。方差分析结果表明:与对照山体相比,废弃矿山体土壤粘粒含量明显减少,尤其是表层(0-10cm)土体处;废弃矿山体坡顶和坡中土壤容重和孔隙度没有明显变化,而山体底部土壤容重明显降低,孔隙度明显增大;废弃矿山体0-20cm土层土壤容重和孔隙度无明显变化,而20-30cm土层土壤容重明显降低,孔隙度明显增大;废弃矿山体表层土壤含水量明显降低;废弃矿山体土壤均发生了不同程度的碱化;土壤有机质含量均不同程度地减少;0-30cm土层土壤全氮、全磷和全钾含量无明显变化。

In order to reveal the influence of mountain coal mining on physical and chemical properties of soil,provide scientific theories for ecological restoration of mine in arid and semi-arid regions,the authors measured and figured out the soil mechanical composition,bulk density,soil porosity,moisture content,pH value,organic matter and nutrient of abandoned mine body and unperturbed mountain in Xigou coal mine of Xinjiang using basic principles and methods of soil science.The result of anova indicates：The clay content of abandoned mine body,especially in the surface soil（0-10cm）,decreases significantly;bulk density and soil porosity of top and middle in abandoned mine body are not significantly different,however,bulk density of bottom in the hill decreases significantly,soil porosity of bottom in the hill increases significantly;bulk density and soil porosity from 0to 20 cm are not significantly different,but bulk density from 20 cm to 30 cm significantly decreases significantly,soil porosity from 20 cm to 30 cm increases significantly;soil moisture content in the surface is decreases significantly;soil alkalization has happened to varying degree;content of soil organic matter has decreased to varying degree;total nitrogen,total potassium and total phosphorus from 0to 30 cm are not significantly different.