中国慢性病防控策略和体系建设探索

Exploration of strategies for chronic disease prevention and control and relevant system construction in China

慢性非传染性疾病已成为当前人类的重大威胁。国际研究表明,2008年全球5 700万人死亡,其中的63%(3 600万人)死于慢性非传染性疾病;80%的非传染性疾病所致死亡(2 900万人)发生在低收入和中等收入国家。WHO预测,如果按目前的情况继续发展,到2030年每年死于慢性非传染性疾病的人数将增加至5 500万人。在中国,伴随着工业化、城镇化、老龄化进程的加快和国民生活方式的快速变迁,居民慢性病患病率、死亡率呈持续快速增长趋势。因此,慢性非传染性疾病流行的应对,是中国当前必须尽快考虑的重大问题。本文在总结中国重大慢性病流行状况、分析中国慢性病防控中存在的主要问题和关键影响因素以及总结前期项目探索经验的基础上,对中国慢性病防控应制定和采取的策略及防控体系建设工作要点提出了建议:如相关政府部门都应制定相应政策;建立结构合理、系统内任务分工明确,协调、高效的工作体系;从制度、工作规范与要求上推行"整合医学"的发展,从而提高中国慢性病防控工作效能与效益等。

Chronic non-communicable diseases have become a major threat to humanity. International studies have shown that of 57 million deaths worldwide in 2008,63 %（36 million）were caused by chronic non-communicable diseases of which 80 %（29 million）occurred in low and middle income countries. The WHO predicts that if the current situation continues to develop,the annual number of deaths due to chronic non-communicable diseases will increase to 55 million in 2030. As acceleration of industrialization,urbanization and population aging processes and rapid changes of national lifestyle,the morbidity and mortality rates of chronic diseases are showing a rapid growth trend in China. Therefore,dealing with the prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases is becoming one of the current major issues that must be considered as soon as possible in China. On the basis of summarizing the status of major chronic diseases in China,analyzing the key issues and key factors in chronic disease prevention and control and studying and summarizing the experience from the previous projects,this paper proposes the following recommendations for the strategies for chronic disease prevention and control and relevant system construction that China should adopt and develop：All relevant government departments should formulate corresponding policies;establish a coordinated and efficient work system with rational structure and clear division of tasks and responsibilities within the system;implement the development of＂integrated medicine＂in system,work norms and requirements and thereby improve the performance and efficiency in chronic disease prevention and control in China.