短距离场地自行车原地起动技术的生物力学研究

Biomechanical Study on The Starting Technical Movement of Track Cycling

为给短距离场地自行车起动技术的规范化及标准化提供科学依据,以北京市自行车队11名运动员作为实验对象,通过实验设计,结合定点摄像与肌电采集技术研究其原地起动技术的运动学和肌电活动特征,在分析起动技术生物力学因素的基础上,提出改进曲柄起动角的建议。研究认为,影响起动效果的生物力学因素包括3大类:内力因素、器械因素和环境因素,找到内力因素和器械因素的最佳结合点有助于提高起动成绩;实验研究表明,曲柄起动角对场地自行车运动员原地起动60m的成绩具有显著性影响;30°是比较合理的曲柄起动角,在这一起动角上出发有利于提高运动员的起动成绩。

In order to standardize and correct the starting technical movement of track cycling, this paper proposed a hypothesis of better crank starting angle on the basis of analyzing the bi- omechanical factors of starting technology, than use experimental method to verify the hypothe- sis. In this experiment, 11 players of Beijing track cycling team were taken as experimental ob- jects, fixed camera technique and surface electromyography collection technology were used to explore the starting performance with different crank starting angle. The results showed that the biomechanical factors influencing the starting effect can be divided into three categories.in- ternal factors, equipment factors and environmental factors. Finding out the best combining site of these three factors helps to improve the starting performance. The crank starting angle has a significant effect on 60 meters starting performance and 30 ° is a reasonable crank starting an- gle.