重庆市主城区中小学生视力不良现状及影响因素分析

Prevalence of myopia and associated factors among primary and secondary school students in Chongqing

目的了解重庆市主城区中小学生视力不良现状及近视主要影响因素,为学生近视防控提供科学依据。方法分层整群随机抽取重庆市主城区中学(完中)和小学各6所共11 878名中小学生进行视力检查和近视相关影响因素问卷调查,对学生视力不良现状及其构成进行统计学分析,对近视影响因素进行单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析。结果重庆市主城区中小学生视力不良总检出率为53.4%,其中近视占视力不良的96.5%。视力不良率女生(56.4%)高于男生(50.6%)(χ2=107.000,P<0.01);城市学生(54.1%)高于乡镇学生(52.5%)(χ2=107.000,P<0.01);中学生(71.9%)高于小学生(40.1%)(χ2=112.000,P<0.01)。在视力不良构成中,轻度视力不良占19.5%,中度占31.1%,重度占49.4%。多因素分析显示,学习时眼距书本不足1尺、父母近视、家长未限制孩子看电视/玩电子产品时间、平均每天户外活动时间、平均每天睡眠时间是中小学生近视发生的主要影响因素(P值均<0.05)。结论中小学生视力不良较严重并具不同特征。学生近视与多因素综合作用有关,需进行针对性的综合干预。

Objective To investigate the prevalence and associated factors of poor eyesight among primary and secondary school students and to provide scientific basis for myopia prevention.Methods The visual inspection and questionnaire survey were conducted among 11 878 students from six primary schools and six secondary schools in Chongqing by using cluster sampling method.The visual inspection included visual acuity and diopter on endoscopy and the survey related factors for myopia,prevalence of myopia by analyzing factors of myopia effect by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results Among primary and secondary school students in Chongqing,the poor vision rate was 53.4% which accounted for 96.5% of myopia.Girls＇ vision defect rate（56.4%） was significantly higher than boys（50.6%）（P〈0.01）; urban students＇ vision defect rate（54.1%） was significantly higher than rural students（52.5%）（P〈0.01）; Poor eyesight rate of high school students（71.9%） was significantly higher than students（40.1%）（P〈0.05）.Reading a book less than a feet,myopic parents,parents＇ limitation on screen time,average outdoor activity time,average daily sleep time was the main factor in the occurrence of myopia.Conclusion The incidence of poor visual acuity is serious among students in Chongqing.Myopia prevention should be implemented as early as possible,especially among those with risk factors.