网格化管理:城市基层社会治理体制的运行逻辑与实践特征——基于N市Q区的个案研究

Grid Management: Operation Logic and Practice Features of Governance System in Urban Grass- Roots Society——Take Q District of N City as Example

近年来兴起的网格化管理完善和优化了我国以社区制为核心的城市社会治理体制,同时也影响了城市基层的政治社会结构,形塑了秩序整合过程中国家与社会和市场间的关系及其制度与组织表现形式。它通过划分网格重构了基层社会治理单元,下沉党政资源的同时激发了社会和市场资源。网格化管理构建起了一种刚性与弹性并济的目标责任制,并通过考核评定来保障其有效实施。此外,网格化管理还创新了基层党政组织的运作方式,增强了党政系统对社会利益诉求的回应与满足,从而有利于秩序稳定。但网格化管理也表现出了"科层化"倾向和"压力型体制"的特征,导致了国家的"内部分化"以及国家与基层社会联结的"非均衡性"与"不稳定性"。这使基层政府无限承担了社会治理责任,却降低了行政管理效率,同时制造了城市基层治理体制内在的结构性紧张。

The grid management improves and optimizes urban grass- roots governance system,with the community system as its core. It influences the political and social structure at urban grass- roots level,shapes the relationships of the state,society and market,and their form of institutions and organizations. Grid management restructures the unit of social governance at urban grass- root level,puts resources of the Party and government organizations down to grassroots,spurs the social and market resources,constructs a target- orientedresponsibility system with rigidity and elasticity,and ensures its effective implementation by means of examination. The grid management innovates operational mode of the grassroots Party and government organizations,which is good for the stability of social order. But the grid management is characteristic of the tendency of'departmentalization'and 'the pressure- oriented system',which leads to the 'internal differentiation'of the state,and makes the connection of state and society 'disequilibrium'and'instable'. Thus,the local governments bear the unlimited social governance responsibilities,yet the administrative management efficiency reduced,which brings forth the inherent structural tension in the urban grass- root governance system.