水利水电工程移民长期补偿机制与新农村建设相结合研究

Study on Combining Long-term Compensation Mechanism with New Rural Construction in the Process of Resettlement for Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering

水利水电工程移民作为失地农民的一个重要组成部分,对其实施逐年补偿和入股分红的长期补偿机制,成建制地集中安置,同时,将自然条件和社会经济条件符合要求的移民新村优先纳入社会主义新农村建设范围,这种模式能够有效地避免传统以土安置方式的弊端,使移民能够同时享受到兴修水利水电工程和社会主义新农村建设带来的双重利好和发展机遇,实现社会主义新农村建设"生产发展、生活宽裕、乡风文明、村容整洁、管理民主"的总目标以及移民生活达到或者超过原有水平的开发性移民目标,实现地方政府部门、项目业主、移民和安置区居民等多方利益主体的共赢。首先,本文详细分析了水利水电工程移民长期补偿机制与新农村建设相结合在淹没耕地补偿、移民安置区选择、移民新村建设资金、移民生活水平恢复等方面的优势,突出两者相结合的必要性;其次,将水利水电工程移民长期补偿机制与新农村建设相结合分为调查统计、规划衔接、新村建设和搬迁后扶四个阶段,分阶段阐述了移民长期补偿机制与新农村建设相结合的现实路径,突出两者相结合的可行性和可操作性;然后,从政策制度、经营管理、失业贫困和社会稳定四个方面,深入分析了水利水电工程移民长期补偿机制与新农村建设相结合存在的风险和弊端,突出两者相结合过程中需要注意的事项;最后,基于各类风险的具体表现点,有针对性地提出了化解相应风险的策略,以期水利水电工程移民安置长期补偿机制与新农村建设相结合的模式能够得到落实和推广。

Resettlers caused by water resources and hydropower engineering are an important part of the landless peasants,the longterm compensation mechanism which consists of compensation according to the annual output value year after year and benefit-sharing compensation is applied to the resettlers; meanwhile,the resettlers are resettled intensively in other place where a new collective is established,and the new collective which has good conditions（ natural,economic and social,etc） shall be qualified preferentially into new rural construction by government. This combination mechanism can avoid drawbacks caused by traditional land resettlement mode,and make the resettlers enjoy double positive and development opportunities brought by the water conservancy and hydropower project construction. At the same time,the combination mechanism is conducive to simultaneously achieve the overall goal of building new socialist countryside,which is‘the production development,the life ample,the local custom civilization,the village accommodate,the management democracy neatly＇,and the target of development migration which makes the resettlers live at or above the original level.Finally,win-win of multi- stakeholder which includes local government departments,project owners,the resettlers and local residents will be realized. Firstly,the advantage of combining long-term compensation mechanism with new rural construction is analyzed in detail from four aspects,including compensation for inundated farmland,selection of resettlement area,funds for construction of the resettlers＇ new village,and living standard recovery of the resettlers. These research contents give prominence to the necessity of the combination mechanism. Secondly,the combination of long-term compensation mechanism and new rural construction will be divided into four stages,including survey,planning convergence,new village construction for the resettlers,and moving and anaphase support.Realistic path of combining long-term compensation mechanism with new rural construction is expounded in stages. These research contents give prominence to the feasibility and operability of the combination mechanism. Thirdly,the risks and drawbacks of combining long-term compensation mechanism with new rural construction are elaborated in detail,specifically including policy risk,operation and management risk,unemployment and poverty risk,and social stability risk. These research contents give prominence to matters needing attention in the process of combining long-term compensation mechanism with new rural construction. Finally,welldirected strategies to mitigate the risks are put forward,in order to help to implement and promote the combination of long-term compensation mechanism and new rural construction.