呼吸道合胞病毒F基因及蛋白的相关研究进展

Research Progress in the F Gene and Protein of the Respiratory Syncytial Virus

呼吸道合胞病毒(Respiratory syncytial virus,RSV)属副粘病毒科肺炎病毒属,是婴幼儿呼吸道感染重要的病毒病原。F基因序列保守,变异性小,国内外对F基因变异研究并不多。F蛋白(Fusion glycoprotein)为RSV跨膜糖蛋白,介导病毒与细胞膜的融合和穿入,诱导的中和抗体可以同时抑制A、B两个亚型的病毒感染,故F蛋白是单克隆抗体药物及疫苗研制的主要对象。在无有效疫苗的情况下,目前抗F蛋白单克隆抗体是降低高危患儿RSV感染入院率和疾病严重程度的最重要方法,但单克隆抗体的使用可造成进化压力,产生抗体耐药株。本文对近10年来有关RSV的F基因变异、抗F蛋白单克隆抗体药物及F蛋白相关疫苗的研究进展进行综述。

The respiratory syncytial virus（RSV）belongs to the family Paramyxoviridae and subfamily Pneumovirinae.The RSV can cause acute infections of the lower respiratory tract in infants.The F gene of the RSV is a conservative gene and varies only slightly in its expression.Few studies focusing on the variability of the F gene have been carried out.F protein（fusion glycoprotein）is a transmembrane glycoprotein that mediates fusion and penetration between the virus and host cells.Neutralizing antibody against the F protein can protect against infection by RSV subtypes A and B.Hence,F protein has become the main target for the development of a monoclonal antibody and vaccine against the RSV.An effective vaccine is not available,so a monoclonal antibody against F protein is now the most important method to reduce the morbidity and severity associated with RSV infection in high-risk children.However,a monoclonal antibody can lead to the production of drug-resistant strains of the RSV.This review focuses on genetic variation of the F gene of the RSV as well as progress in the development of a monoclonal antibody against F protein and a vaccine in the last decade.